孤独症人群友好的公共服务设施配置策略

ALLOCATION STRATEGIES FOR ASD-FRIENDLY URBAN PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES

在包容性城市的理念下,城乡规划须兼顾孤独症人群的公共服务设施需求,促进其融入社会。基于孤独症家庭调查及专家机构访谈,认识孤独症人群使用公共服务设施的行为和需求特征,制定设施配置指标,并应用于上海某区。研究发现:孤独症人群必需的公共服务设施包括干预训练、家长培训和心理咨询、日间照料/喘息服务、亲子活动、就业过渡、全日养护,但大部分目前仍十分稀缺;孤独症人群友好的公共服务设施配置宜与现状设施结合,从既有公共设施指标中,调配约5%的设施面积开放给孤独症人群可大大改善现状,设施布局模式亦能与区县—街镇—社区三级配置有较好的契合;在适当的管理调整下,利用城市存量公共设施可满足大部分孤独症人群的需求。

In the background of“Inclusive City”,urban planning should consider the needs of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)in terms of public service facilities,to help them better integrate into the society.Based on questionnaire survey and interviews with experts and organizations,this paper summarizes the behavior and needs of people with ASD in terms of public service facilities,then develops allocation strategies and applies them to an area in Shanghai.It is found that the essential needs of people with ASD include intervention training,family training and psychological consulting,day care,family activity,employment transition,and full day care.However,most of these facilities and services are scarce.ASD-friendly public service facilities can combine with the existing facilities,and allocating about 5%of the area for the existing facilities can greatly improve the current situation.The spatial pattern of facility allocation can fit well with the current“district/county-town-community”three-tier allocation strategy.With appropriate management adjustment measures,most needs of people with ASD can be met by taking advantage of the city’s existing public service facilities.