“中国模式”的求索——近百年中国城市设计发展的分期与走向

SEARCHING FOR A “CHINA MODEL”: STAGES AND TRENDS OF CHINA’S URBAN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT IN THE PAST 100 YEARS

历史分期既是开展中国城市设计史研究的基础,又是认识其发展规律的方法。以中国城市现代化的逻辑命题为主线,通过梳理百年来的相关历史事件,分维建立一个事件矩阵,在分析不同事件对主线的影响基础上,选取分期标志性节点,划分出七个历史阶段。发现中国城市设计的源起是舶来与自生的比较型学习过程,诸多争议则是在该过程中对欧美和苏联两类外源经验的吸收所致,整体历程呈现出一个由现实问题和理想目标交织塑造的演进框架。据此提出要形成城市设计的“中国模式”,应“以我为主”,从更广泛的城市现实再出发;应推行建制革新,消解异质经验中的矛盾;应强化理论引领先于技术创新,提供长远保障。

Historical staging is not only a basis for the study on urban design history in China, but also an approach to understanding its development.Taking the logical proposition of modernization of Chinese cities as the main line, and by reviewing the relevant historical events in the past 100 years,this paper establishes an event matrix. On the basis of analyzing the impact of different events on the main line, the paper selects iconic staging nodes and identifies seven historical phases. It is found that urban design in China was originated from a comparative learning process featured by learning from foreign countries and spontaneous learning,and many disputes were caused by the absorption of European-American experiences and the Soviet experiences during this process. The overall course shows an evolutionary framework shaped by the interweaving of practical problems and ideal goals.To form the “China model” of urban design, it is necessary to be “self-centered” and restart from the broader reality of Chinese cities, to promote the institutional innovation of urban design to resolve the contradictions in learning from the heterogeneous experience, and to strengthen theoretical guidance to provide long-term guarantees.