tRF和tiRNA在疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of tRF & tiRNA molecules in diseases

对下一代测序数据的深入分析,揭示了许多具有不同功能的小分子非编码RNA。近年来,来源于tRNA衍生的小分子RNA(transfer-RNA derived small RNAs,tsRNAs)引起了广泛关注。tsRNAs主要有2种类型,即tRNA半分子(tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA,tiRNA)和t RNA衍生片段(tRNA-derived fragment,tRF)。它们根据在前体或成熟tRNA转录物的切割位置不同而产生。这些tRF和tiRNA的核苷酸组成、生物发生和功能具有异质性。新的研究表明,tRF和tiRNA不仅是tRNA降解的碎片,而且在许多特定的生理和病理过程中起调节作用。本文综述tRF和tiRNA的类型,提出tRF和tiRNA的生物学功能和作用机制的新概念,重点介绍tRF和tiRNA在人类疾病中的潜在应用,并提出目前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。

Due to the in-depth analysis of the next generation sequencing data,many small noncoding RNA with different functions have been revealed. In recent years,transfer-RNA derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)have attracted wide attention. There are two main types:tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA(tiRNA)and tRNA-derived fragment(tRF),which are produced according to their positions in precursor or mature tRNA transcripts. These tRF & tiRNA molecules are heterogeneous in size,the nucleotide composition,biogenesis,and function. New research shows that t RF & tiRNA molecule is not only fragments of tRNA degradation,but also plays a regulatory role in specific physiological and pathological processes. In this paper,the types of tRF & tiRNA are reviewed,and the new concepts of biological functions and mechanisms of tRF & tiRNA molecule are proposed. The potential applications of tRF & tiRNA in human diseases are emphatically introduced,and existing issues and future research directions have been proposed.