高教数字化转型中的线上教学有效性研究:从马克思的技术观看

The Effectiveness of Online Teaching in the Digital Transformation of Higher Education: from Perspective of Marx’s Technology

线上教学是数字教育的一种未来形态。随着工业4.0时代的到来,高等教育将进入线上线下教学长期共存的新时代。马克思是不是技术决定论者,这个问题一直存在争议。基于技术和社会之间的辩证关系分析马克思对机器和自动化的相关论述,可知他同时避免了技术决定论和社会决定论,系统看到了人、技术和社会环境之间的三元互动关系。线上教学面临考核模式权重、课程模块设计、智能化教育空间选择和督导机制等有效性影响因素,其直接原因在于教师身份的多样性要求。根据马克思的技术观,实现从传统教育模式到多路径在线教育的变革是一个系统过程,需要教师在线上教学时必须转换思维范式,根据智能化教育空间的特点,选择恰当的教学策略,重新设计线上课堂模块。技术方面应用数据驱动的用户画像方法以及选择恰当的在线学习策略。同时根据数字教育的发展趋势和要求,从政策层面构建线上线下一体化的战略决策。

Online teaching is a future form of digital education. With the coming of the era of Industry 4.0, higher education will enter a new era when online and offline teaching coexist for a long time. The question of whether Marx was a technological determinist has always been controversial. Based on the dialectical relationship between technology and society, this paper analyzes Marx’s exposition of machine and automation. It can be seen that he avoids technological determinism and social determinism at the same time, and sees the ternary interaction among human, technology and social environment. Online teaching is faced with such problems as the weight of assessment mode, the design of curriculum module, the choice of intelligent education space, and supervisory evaluation criteria. The direct reason lies in the diversity of teachers’ identities. In order to realize the transformation from traditional education mode to multi-path online education, we need to change their thinking paradigm, choose appropriate teaching strategies according to the characteristics of intelligent education space, and redesign the online classroom modules. In terms of technology, data-driven user portrait method is applied;and the choice of appropriate online learning strategies. At the same time, according to the development trend and requirements of digital education, the strategic decision of online and offline integration should be made at the policy level.