我国高等职业教育投入产出效率及影响因素研究

Research on Input-Output Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors of Higher Vocational Education in China

为研究高等职业教育效率及影响因素以优化教育资源配置,基于2014-2021年的面板数据利用DEA-BCC模型和Malmquist指数对我国31个省份的高等职业教育投入产出效率进行评价研究,运用Tobit模型对影响因素进行回归分析。结果显示:东部地区的高职教育投入产出效率最高,其次是中部、西部和东北;根据投入产出松弛分析可知教学条件、科研社会服务产出的改进空间大;我国四个区域的纯技术效率指数大于1,但全要素生产率、规模效率、技术进步没有处于最优前沿面。高等职业教育效率受地区经济水平、工业化水平、产业高级化、政府财力、教育支持力度等多因素的影响,但各区域的影响程度和显著性有较大差异。

An evaluation study, which was based on the panel data from 2014-2021 using DEA-BCC model and Malmquist index, and a regression analysis of the influencing factors was conducted using Tobit model, was conducted on the efficiency of higher vocational education inputs and outputs in 31 provinces and cities(districts) in China in order to study the efficiency and its influencing factors and to optimize the allocation of educational resources. The results show that the efficiency of higher vocational education in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the central, western and northeastern regions. According to the analysis of input-output slack, there is great room for improvement in teaching conditions, scientific research and social service output. The pure technical efficiency index of China`s four regions are greater than 1, but total factor productivity, scale efficiency, and technical progress are not at the optimal frontier. The efficiency of higher vocational education is influenced by multiple factors such as regional economic level, industrialization level, advanced industrialization, government financial resources, and educational support, but the degree and significance of the influence varies greatly among regions.