农地经营权稳定性对农户投入结构的影响研究--以新疆玛纳斯县为例

The influence of farmland management right stability on farmers’input structure:A case study of Manas County in Xinjiang

农地经营权稳定能够提高农户农地投入的积极性,对农户投入产生不同程度的影响,进而影响农户投入结构。基于土地产权理论,以新疆玛纳斯县为例,利用农户实地调研数据,运用结构方程模型,分析法律维度、事实维度、感知维度农地经营权稳定性与劳动力投入、机械投入、技术投入的影响关系,探讨农地经营权稳定性对农户投入结构的影响效应。结果表明,受访农户劳动力素质整体不高,家庭劳动力投入不足;农地经营权较稳定,但农地流转期限较短制约了农户长期投入,农户投入结构仍有可优化的空间。法律、事实和感知三个维度农地经营权稳定性均显著影响农户投入,进而影响农户投入结构。三个维度农地经营权稳定性对劳动力投入、机械投入、技术投入呈现显著正向影响,影响从大到小分别为:劳动力投入>机械投入>技术投入,技术投入>机械投入>劳动力投入,机械投入>劳动力投入>技术投入。农地经营权稳定性对农户投入结构的影响具有异质性,感知维度农地经营权稳定性对机械投入的影响最强,农户认知的农地经营权稳定性影响农户投入预期。因此,为优化农户投入结构,提出健全农地经营权交易市场体系,引导农户适当延长农地流转期限,增强农户续约意识等政策建议。

Farmland management right stability can increase farmers’motivation to invest in farmland and have varying degrees of an impact on their inputs,which in turn affect farmers’input structure.Based on the land property theory and a survey data from rural households in Manas County in Xinjiang,this paper examined the influencing relationship between farmland management right stability in three dimensions of law,fact,and perception and farmers’input structure of labor,machinery,and technology by the structural equation model and explored the influencing effects of farmland management right stability on farmers’input structure.Results indicate that the overall labor quality is not high,the household labor input is insufficient,and farmland management right is relatively secure.In addition,farmers’input structure can still be optimized,but the short farmland circulation period restricts them from making long-term investment.Farmland management right stability in the three dimensions of law,fact,and perception significantly affects farmers’inputs,and then affects farmers’input structure.Farmland management right stability in the three dimensions of law,fact,and perception also has significant positive impacts on labor input,machinery input,and technology input with some heterogeneity,respectively,in decreasing order as follows:labor input,machinery input,and technology input;technology input,machinery input,and labor input;and machinery input,labor input,and technology input.The perception of farmland management right stability by farmers impacts their expectations for investment,which reflects the fact that this stability has the greatest impact on machinery input in the perception dimension.Therefore,this paper provides the following policy recommendations:strengthening the market system for exchanging farmland management rights,assisting farmers in suitably extending the time of farmland circulation,and raising farmers’awareness of contract renewal to optimize farmers’input structure.