冻融循环作用下含天然损伤砂岩破坏过程的数值试验研究

Numerical experimental study on failure process of sandstone containing natural damage under freeze-thaw cycle

裂隙、孔隙等天然损伤使得岩石细观结构呈现强烈的非均质性,对其破坏过程及模式产生重要影响。本文根据CT无损识别技术,结合数字图像处理技术和CASRock数值模拟软件,开展了含天然损伤的冻融砂岩劈裂破坏的数值试验研究。对含天然损伤的冻融砂岩劈裂破坏模式、变形局部化及裂纹演化过程等分析,揭示了含天然损伤砂岩在冻融和荷载作用下的破坏机制。研究结果表明:砂岩内原生孔隙(裂纹)的扩展及新生孔隙的生成是冻融岩石破坏演化的主要形式。冻融和荷载作用下含天然损伤岩石的破坏与天然损伤程度及分布有关。次生裂纹的生成多发生于天然损伤密集区域。在加载过程中,局部化损伤区应力远远大于砂岩整体应力,局部化损伤区岩石的破坏与该区域能量释放和应力释放具有同步性。局部化损伤反映岩石中裂纹的演化,有助于预测砂岩裂纹发展的方向。岩石的破坏模式与冻融循环次数有关,冻融循环促使含天然损伤砂岩逐渐由脆性破坏转化为延性破坏,冻融作用对岩石整体强度的改变是逐渐劣化的过程。

Natural damage such as fissures and pores make the rock microstructure show strong heterogeneity, which influences the failure process and mode. In this paper, the numerical test of freeze-thaw sandstone splitting failure with natural damage was carried out based on CT non-destructive identification technology, combined with digital image processing technology and CASRock numerical simulation software. The analysis of splitting failure mode, deformation localization and crack evolution process of freeze-thaw sandstone with natural damage reveals the failure mechanism of sandstone with natural damage under freeze-thaw and load. The results show that the expansion of primary pores(cracks) and the formation of new pores in sandstone are the main forms of freeze-thaw rock failure evolution. The failure of rock containing natural damage under freeze-thaw and load is related to the degree and distribution of natural damage. The generation of secondary cracks mostly occurs in natural damage-intensive areas. During the loading process, the stress in the localized damage zone is far greater than sandstone’s overall stress, and rock’s failure in the localized damage zone is synchronized with the energy release and stress release in the region. Localized damage reflects the evolution of cracks in rocks and helps to predict the direction of sandstone crack development. The failure mode of rock is related to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The freeze-thaw cycles make the sandstone with natural damage gradually change from brittle failure to ductile failure, and the change of the overall strength of the rock is a gradual deterioration process.