融合HACCP体系的农产品区块链追溯系统精准上链机制改进

Improvement of the precise up-chain mechanism of the agricultural products blockchain traceability system integrating the HACCP system

利用区块链技术实现可信追溯已成为追溯技术发展的重要趋势,区块链技术核心是解决上链以后信息不能篡改,而如何确定哪些信息上链并进行上链前信息验证是目前区块链应用亟待解决的问题。该研究以果品为例,融合危害分析与关键控制点体系(Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point,HACCP)和区块链技术,改进农产品区块链追溯系统的上链机制并设计实现系统。通过对果品供应链进行危害分析挖掘其关键信息作为上链信息,并提取五个关键控制点(CCP1生产、CCP2加工、CCP3仓储、CCP4物流、CCP5销售);在确定关键信息的基础上,对上链信息进行限值判定,在阈值范围内进行上链;构建数据异常和质量安全预警模型,对关键控制点处上链后的信息实时监控,智能反馈;从而构建“上链前关键信息挖掘-上链中信息事实判定-上链后信息智能反馈”的上链机制改进方法;围绕改进后的上链机制,编写阈值判定、数据上链以及数据智能反馈3种合约实现改进后的上链机制,并基于Fabric环境完成系统的设计和开发。将改进后的系统应用于北京市某果品企业,结果发现改进后的追溯系统平均吞吐量350交易量/s(Transactions per Second,TPS),每秒内可完成40条关键交易数据并发上链,相较于原有追溯系统提高14.85%,满足追溯系统的需求。此外,在3个月的现场监测中,共预警通知13次风险,企业根据预警级别作出相应的应急措施,可有效减少企业损失和和保障产品的质量安全。研究结果对于优化区块链追溯系统、提升关键环节追溯可信度具有重要意义。

Food safety has been an essential requirement for human survival in recent years.Fortunately,the traceability system can be expected to serve as an important way for the safety of agricultural products.The whole chain information of agricultural products can be traced from the place of origin to the table.The high quality and safety of agricultural products can be obtained to reduce the cost of a food recall,indicating a high increase in consumer confidence.Among them,blockchain technology can be used for trusted traceability without tampering after uploading the chain.It is still lacking in how to determine the information that is uploaded to the chain,and then verify the information before the chain in the current blockchain application.Taking the fruit as an example,the hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP)system was integrated with blockchain technology to improve the up-chain mechanism in the current blockchain traceability system of agricultural products.Firstly,the up-chain information was mined to extract the five critical control points(CCP1 production,CCP2 processing,CCP3 storage,CCP4 logistics,and CCP5 sales)using the hazard analysis of the fruit supply chain.The limit value was then determined for the information on the chain,according to the key information,determine whether the information on the chain is within the limit value.If it is within the threshold range,the information will be uploaded to the chain.A data anomaly and quality warning model was established to monitor the information after the up-chain at the critical control point in real time,and then to provide intelligent feedback after the chain.Secondly,an improved up-chain mechanism was constructed with the key information mining before the up-chain,the information fact determination in the up-chain,and the information intelligent feedback after the up-chain.After that,three contracts of threshold determination,data upload,and data intelligent feedback were written to realize the improved up-chain mechanism.Thirdly,a traceability system was developed to deploy the architecture and environment using the Hyperledger Fabric platform.Some functions were then implemented,such as the traceability query,security warning,and decision analysis.Finally,the performance of the improved system was verified in a fruit enterprise in Beijing,China.A better performance was achieved in the improved traceability system.Specifically,an average throughput of 350 Transactions per second,and 40 key transaction data were completed concurrently on the chain within seconds,which was 14.85%higher than the original system,fully meeting the needs of the traceability system.In addition,there were a total of 13 early warning notices of risks during the three-month on-site monitoring.The emergency measures were then taken to effectively ensure the quality and safety of products with the cost saving,according to the level of early warning.The findings can provide a strong reference to optimize the blockchain traceability system for the high credibility of key links.