质性研究视角下中青年脑卒中患者健康行为改变的阻力因素

Resistance factors of health behavior change in young and middle-aged stroke patients from the perspective of qualitative research

目的了解影响中青年脑卒中患者健康行为改变的阻力因素,为后期临床干预提供依据。方法选取2021年9月至11月在邵阳市中心医院神经内科住院的25例中青年脑卒中患者进行半结构式访谈,利用Nvivo 12软件整理访谈资料,并应用Colaizzi分析法分析访谈资料。结果通过分析提炼出3个主题(分别为疾病认知有限、健康素养低、社会支持缺乏)、10个子主题(分别为不了解疾病高危因素、无法识别疾病警示症状、低估疾病的严重度、信息获取能力差、交流互动能力低、改善健康行为意愿不足、家庭核心成员参与度不够、同伴负面影响、经济压力大、重返工作准备度差)。结论中青年脑卒中患者的健康行为改变存在着多种阻力因素,需要医务人员、家庭、社会以及政府的多方面支持,提高患者的疾病认知,加强自身健康素养,最终促进健康行为的养成。

Objective To understand the resistance factors affecting the changes of health behavior in young and middle-aged stroke patients,and to provide evidence for late clinical intervention.Methods A total of 25 young and middle-aged stroke patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Shaoyang Central Hospital from September to November 2021 were selected for semi-structured interviews.The interview data were collated using Nvivo 12 software,and the interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi analysis method.Results Three themes(included limited disease cognition,low health literacy,and lack of social support)and ten sub-themes(included lack of understanding of disease risk factors,inability to identify disease warning symptoms,underestimation of the severity of the disease,poor information acquisition,low ability to communicate and interact,insufficient willingness to improve healthy behavior,insufficient participation of family core members,negative peer effects,high economic pressure,and poor readiness to return to work)were extracted by analysis.Conclusion There are many resistance factors in the health behavior change in young and middle-aged stroke patients,which require the support of medical staff,families,society and government,improve the disease cognition of patients,strengthen their own health literacy,and finally promote the development of health behavior.