中国科学基金制的创立及其对传统科研体制的变革

The Establishment of the Chinese Science Fund System and Its Role in Reforming the Traditional Scientific Research System

国家科学基金制的建立对中国科研体制改革和科学事业发展产生了重要影响。作为国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)的前身,1982-1985年试行的中国科学院科学基金从科研经费拨款与管理制度、科研组织模式、项目评审制度等方面深刻地变革了计划经济模式下的传统科研体制,为NSFC的正式成立奠定了思想、人才和制度基础。2022年是中国科学院科学基金试行40周年,也是深入推进新时期科学基金系统性改革的关键之年,对这段历史的追本溯源和深刻反思能够为当前科学基金的相关工作提供有益启示。

The establishment of the national science fund system has an important influence on the reform of China’s scientific research system and the development of science. As the predecessor of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), the Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), which was implemented from 1982 to 1985, profoundly changed the traditional research system under the planned economy mode from the aspects of research funding allocation and management, research organization and project evaluation. The 4-year trial has laid the philosophical, human capital and institutional bases for the establishment of the NSFC. The year 2022 is the 40th anniversary of the Science Foundation of the CAS. It is also a key year for further promoting the systematic reform of Chinese natural science fund system in the new era. The original clarification and deep reflection of this history could provide beneficial enlightenment for the current work of science fund.