高密度城市绿色屋顶社会功效分析及其设计策略研究——以上海市黄浦区为例

Design Strategy and Social Efficacy Analysis of Green Roofs in High-density Cities: A Case Study of Huangpu District in Shanghai

城市高密度发展,公共绿地空间逐渐趋向立体化,绿色屋顶成为重要的社会活动场所,具有调节生态、活动聚集、城市美化等社会功效,主要分为花园型、组合型、草坪型、餐饮型、室外活动型、自发活动型、美化型7种,并常设立于高密度城市主要的5类建筑(居住、商业、旅游、办公、科教文卫)中。然而,绿色屋顶的使用功能常与建筑类型不匹配,有些绿色屋顶与建筑之间无法顺畅地连接通达,还有部分绿色屋顶的使用率不高,导致其社会功效无法充分发挥。基于上海市黄浦区的286个已建成绿色屋顶的大数据分析,通过对绿色屋顶“功能耦合”“空间连接”与“使用活跃”的三大社会功效的探索,提出5类建筑可以更好地发挥高密度城市绿色屋顶社会功效,减少人居活动空间压力,促进城市结构立体化发展。

With the development of high-density urban area, public greenspace gradually grows vertically, and hence the green roofs become crucial to social activities, possessing roles of ecological modification, events gathering, and landscape aesthetics. Green roofs mainly consist of 7 types of functions as garden, mixed-use, lawn, restaurant, venue for planned outdoor events, venue for spontaneous events, and visual landscape, they are usually constructed on 5 categories of buildings as: residence, commercial building, tourist resort, office building and educational, institutional, cultural building, and hospitals in high-density cities. However, since the function of green roofs do not always match the categories of buildings, some green roofs cannot smoothly connect with the architectures, and some green roofs are not visited frequently, the social efficacy of these green roofs does not function properly and sufficiently. According to relevant data of 286 built-up green roofs in Huangpu District in Shanghai, with the exploration of 3 major social efficacy as "coupling of function", "connection of space", and "vitality of use", design strategies for optimizing and maximizing the social efficacy of green roofs in high-density cities are presented to relieve the spatial stress of human settlement activity and to promote the multi-dimensional development of urban structure.