老年人跌倒损伤发生现状及危险因素分析

Analysis of the occurrence status and risk factors of fall injury in the elderly

目的利用我国广西壮族自治区南宁市的跌倒老年人调查数据,描述社区年龄在60岁及以上的老年人跌倒损伤的流行特征,分析社区老年人跌倒损伤的风险因素,为预防老年人跌倒损伤提供理论依据。方法选取广西南宁市作为调查单位。采用整群抽样的方法,调查对象是在广西南宁的社区中抽取年龄在60岁及以上的老年人,于2014年7月到2015年6月间通过问卷采集调查对象的个人信息、日常生活活动能力、老年人跌倒风险评分。最终得到有完整跌倒损伤信息的样本1188例。通过秩和检验及χ^(2)检验初步分析各因素与跌倒损伤之间的关系,并通过Logistic回归方法进一步分析被调查人群跌倒损伤可能的风险因素。结果跌倒损伤的发生率为33.9%,发生损伤人群与未发生损伤人群相比,有统计学意义的危险因素包括衰老、文化程度低、长期居住于城市、失能、使用助行器、饮酒、缺乏户外运动、运动持续时间低于1小时、运动频率减少。同时不同跌倒风险评估等级的人群之间跌倒损伤率的差异也具有统计学意义。将上述危险因素进行logistic回归分析,长期居住地为城市(OR=1.399,95%CI 1.127~1.736)、饮酒(OR=1.485,95%CI 1.021~2.159)可能是跌倒损伤的危险因素。结论老年人中跌倒损伤发生率较高,戒酒以及增加户外运动时间和频率可以预防跌倒损伤的发生。

Objective Using the data of the fall of the old in Guangxi Nanning,to describe the epidemic characteristics of fall injury in Chinese elderly people aged 60 and above in communities.The risk factors of fall injury among the elderly in communities were analyzed,and the factors with strong correlation were found out to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of fall injury among the elderly.Methods From July 2014 to June 2015,1188 individuals aged over 60 years with complete fall injury information in Nanning in Guangxi province were selected by cluster.We collected basic information,living habits,fall history,daily life function(self-care ability and defect degree)and the elderly fall risk score through the questionnaires.Results The incidence of fall injury was 33.9%,Comparing with the population with no injury,there are statistically significant risk factors including aging,culture level,long-term residence,disability,walking aid,alcohol consumption,type of exercise,duration of exercise,frequency of exercise and fall risk assessment level.The risk factors above were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis,and long-term residence(OR=1.399,95%CI 1.127~1.736),drinking status(OR=1.485,95%CI 1.021~2.159)may be the risk factors for fall injury.Conclusion For elderly people,the incidence of fall injury is high among who have fallen.Abstaining from alcohol and increasing the time and frequency of outdoor exercise can prevent fall injuries.