顺承还是颠覆:数字经济时代资本主义劳工状况的巨变与重塑

Success or Subversion:The Great Change and Reshaping of Capitalist Labor Conditions in the Digital Economy Era

随着数字经济时代的到来,资本主义劳工状况发生了巨变。与大工业时代相比,由于数字技术的发展,科学技术和劳动之间的双重效应没有顺承发展,而是被颠覆,从以“适应效应”为主演变为以“异己效应”为主。“异己效应”的凸显促使数字经济时代“劳动一技术”的关系出现逆转,给劳工状况带来了三方面的挑战:劳动主体被“数字技术”所肢解;算法控制替代了原有的契约控制,在剥削被进一步掩盖的同时,劳动的强度不断增强;社会分工被加剧异化,不同时空劳工组织结构被扭曲。通过对这些现象的理论溯源,本文认为,数字技术对劳动和资本的关系进行了重构,数字技术不仅增强了资本支配劳动的权力,而且在资本主义私有制下加剧了劳动和资本之间的矛盾。为了有效重塑数字经济时代资本主义劳工状况,本文提出了两条路径:劳动者联合起来和发展公有制经济。这两个建议是对马克思主义理论的复归,也是在数字经济时代对具体理论的发展。

With the development of the digital economy era,capitalist labor conditions have changed dramatically.Compared with the era of large-scale industry,due to the development of digital technology,the dual effect between science and technology and labor has not followed the development,but has been subverted.It has transferred from the"adaptation effect"to the"dissident effect".The prominence of the"dissident effect"has prompted the reversal of the"labor-technology"relationship in the digital economy era,which has created three challenges for labor conditions:labor subjects are dismembered by"digital technology";digital algorithm control replaces the original contract control,while exploitation is further concealed,the intensity of labor continues to increase;the social division of labor is intensified and alienated,and the organizational structure of labor in different time and space is distorted.Through theoretical discussion of these phenomena,this paper finds that digital technology has reconstructed the relationship between labor and capital.Digital technology not only enhances the power of capital to dominate labor,but also intensifies the contradiction between labor and capital under capitalist private ownership.In order to effectively reshape the capitalist labor situation in the digital economy era,this paper proposes two paths:laborers unite and develop the public ownership economy.These two proposals are a return to Marxist theory and the development of specific theories in the era of thedigital economy.