山区低等级公路典型路段驾驶人视觉差异性分析

Analysis of driver’s visual differences in typical sections of low-grade highways in mountainous areas

为分析山区低等级公路各典型路段驾驶人视觉的差异性,提升山区公路行车安全,运用VS-Design三维场景搭建了长12 km的山区四级双向单车道公路,包含傍山险路、急转弯路、反向弯路及长上下坡5个典型路段,基于驾驶模拟器进行试验。采集了25位驾驶人的眨眼、扫视、注视等眼动数据,进行视觉指标和视觉负荷差异性分析,而后用动态聚类法将视野平面分为5个区域,基于马尔可夫链预测驾驶人一步注视转移概率,并得出注视平稳分布概率。结果表明,驾驶人在山区低等级公路各典型路段存在视觉差异性。弯道路段扫视幅度较大,扫视速度较快,视负荷较纵坡路段及傍山险路大,驾驶人在坡道路段对行车速度的关注度显著高于弯道路段。5种路段中驾驶人在车辆正前方的注视平稳概率都达到70%以上,注视点集中于正前方有助于驾驶人更好地观察道路交通情况。

To improve driving safety on mountainous’highways,this paper used VS-Design three-dimensional scenes to build a 12 km four-level two-way single-lane highway in mountainous areas,including five typical road sections:dangerous mountain roads,sharp turns,reverse curves,long uphills,and long downs.The test was based on a driving simulator and collected the fixation,saccade,blink,and other eye movement data of 25 drivers with an eye tracker to analyze the difference of visual index and visual load.Next,it used the dynamic clustering method to divide the field of view into five areas including opposite lane area,vehicle far area,roadside area,speedometer area,and vehicle front area.Then,this method,based on analysis of eye movement driver before entering the typical sections,focuses on the regional situation and predicts the driver step transition probability based on a Markov chain.Finally,the probability of stationary distribution is obtained.The results show that there are visual differences between drivers in typical sections of low-grade highways in mountainous areas.Drivers have a more extensive sweeping range and faster sweeping speed on curved road sections,and the apparent load is more significant than longitudinal slope sections and mountainside dangerous roads.First,drivers paid 3%more attention to the speedometer area in the longitudinal section than in the curved section.Secondly,the probability of stationary distribution of drivers’gaze towards the front of the vehicle reaches more than 70%in the five sections.Focusing on the front of the vehicle is helpful for drivers to better observe the traffic situation ahead,but excessive focus on one area will lead to drivers’insufficient attention to other areas,thus increasing the risk of accidents.The research results can be used to improve drivers’bad looking habits and provide a certain theoretical basis for the design of the mountainous road.