家庭亲密度和适应性与学龄前儿童孤独症特质关系的研究

Relationship of family cohesion and adaptability with subthreshold autistic traits in preschool children

目的探讨家庭亲密度和适应性与学龄前儿童孤独症特质之间的关系,为减少孤独症特质的发生提供科学依据。方法选择2021年11月1日—12月31日深圳市坪山区幼儿园的儿童,采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表和社会交往量表对学龄前儿童家庭亲密度和适应性以及孤独症特质进行调查,使用Stata 16.0软件进行统计分析。结果学龄前儿童孤独症特质检出率为6.73%(1507/22407),缠结型、亲密型、自由型和松散型家庭的儿童孤独症特质检出率分别为3.68%,8.35%,14.44%和13.22%;无规律型、灵活型、有规律型和僵硬型家庭的儿童孤独症特质检出率分别为5.68%,4.41%,5.68%和11.63%。多因素分析发现,家庭亲密度为亲密型和缠结型的家庭儿童孤独症特质发生风险相对较低(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.50~0.77;OR=0.27,95%CI:0.22~0.33);家庭适应性方面,灵活型家庭的儿童孤独症特质发生风险较低(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.64~0.91),僵硬型家庭的儿童孤独症特质发生风险较高(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.77~2.42)。结论家庭亲密度和适应性与学龄前儿童孤独症特质的发生密切相关,应当重视家庭环境在儿童早期心理发展中的重要作用。

Objective To explore the relation of family cohesion and adaptability with subthreshold autistic traits in preschoolers,and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the prevalence of autistic traits.Methods From November 1 to December 31 in 2021,kindergarten children in Pingshan District were recruited.Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale and Social Communication Questionnaire were used to investigate the preschoolers’family cohesion,adaptability and subthreshold autistic traits.Stata 16.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data.Results The detection rate of subthreshold autistic traits in the preschoolers was 6.73%(1,507/22,407).The detection rates of subthreshold autistic traits in children from entanglement,intimate,free and loose families were 3.68%,8.35%,14.44%and 13.22%,respectively.The detection rates of subthreshold autistic traits in children from irregular,flexible,regular and rigid families were 5.68%,4.41%,5.68%and 11.63%,respectively.Multivariate analysis found that the risk of subthreshold autistic traits was relatively lower in children from intimate and entanglement families(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.50-0.77;OR=0.27,95%CI:0.22-0.33).As for family adaptability,there was a lower risk of subthreshold autistic traits for children from flexible family(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.64-0.91),while there was a higher risk of subthreshold autistic traits for children from stiffness type family(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.77-2.42).Conclusion Family cohesion and adaptability are closely related to the occurrence of subthreshold autistic traits in the preschool children.Special attention should be paid to the important role of family environment in the early psychological development of children.