父母社会经济地位和养育效能的关系:父母第一次生育年龄的中介作用

Relationship between parents’socioeconomic status and parenting effectiveness:the mediating role of parents’age at first birth

目的探究父母第一次生育年龄在父母社会经济地位和养育效能中是否存在中介效应,从而为提高父母养育效能提供参考依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,选取蚌埠市2所幼儿园和2所小学的1~3年级共计880名3~9岁儿童,以儿童及其父母为研究对象进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童及其父母的一般人口学资料及父母养育效能的评价。基于多元线性回归分析构建中介效应模型,采用Bootstrap法对模型中的中介效应进行检验。结果相关性分析显示,母亲社会经济地位与母亲角色满意度呈负相关(P<0.05),与母亲第一次生育年龄呈正相关(P<0.01)。母亲第一次生育年龄与母亲自我效能感和母亲角色满意度呈负相关(P<0.01)。控制儿童的性别后,中介效应模型显示,母亲社会经济地位与母亲角色满意度呈负相关(β=-0.071,t=-2.123,P<0.05),母亲社会经济地位与母亲第一次生育年龄呈正相关(β=0.252,t=7.717,P<0.01);母亲第一次生育年龄与母亲角色满意度呈负相关(β=-0.087,t=-2.365,P<0.05)。控制儿童的性别后,Bootstrap检验结果表明,总效应和间接效应的95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)均不包含0,直接效应的95%CI包含0,表明母亲第一次生育年龄在母亲社会经济地位与母亲角色满意度中起完全中介效应。结论较高社会经济地位的母亲会通过增加第一次生育年龄而降低母亲角色满意度。建议高社会经济地位的母亲也勿过晚生育,同时注重提升育儿技巧,从而促进母亲养育效能的提升。

Objective To explore whether parents’ first childbearing age has a mediating effect on parents’ socioeconomic status and parenting efficacy so as to provide a reference basis for improving parents’ parenting efficacy. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 880 children aged 3 to 9 years from two kindergartens and two primary schools from grades Ⅰ to Ⅲ in Bengbu City. The children and their parents were investigated by questionnaires including general demographic data of the children and their parents and evaluation of parental rearing efficacy. A mediation effect model was constructed based on multiple linear regression analysis, and the mediation effect in the model was tested by Bootstrap method. Results Correlation analysis showed that maternal socioeconomic status was negatively correlated with maternal role satisfaction(P<0.05), but positively correlated with maternal age at first birth(P<0.01). Maternal age at first birth was negatively correlated with maternal self-efficacy and maternal role satisfaction(P<0.01). After controlling for the children’s gender, the mediation effect model showed that maternal socioeconomic status was negatively associated with maternal role satisfaction(β=-0.071, t=-2.123, P<0.05), but positively associated with maternal age at first birth(β=0.252, t=7.717, P<0.01). Maternal age at first birth was negatively associated with maternal role satisfaction(β=-0.087, t=-2.365, P<0.05). After controlling for the children’s gender, Bootstrap results displayed that the 95%CI of the total effect and indirect effect did not contain zero. However, the 95%CI of the direct effect contained zero, indicating that maternal age at first birth completely mediated the association of maternal socioeconomic status with maternal role satisfaction. Conclusion Mothers with higher socioeconomic status can decrease maternal role satisfaction by increasing the age at first birth. It is suggested that mothers with higher socioeconomic status should not give birth too late, and simultaneously pay attention to improving parenting skills so as to promote the improvement of mothers’ parenting efficiency.