马端临对“文献”的认识与运用

Ma Duanlin's Understanding and Application of"Documents"

马端临顺应宋代的学术思潮,以“综罗文献”的方式编撰《文献通考》,虽提出有别以往“文”为“典籍”,“献”为“贤才”的解释,但并不反对旧有的文献观念,而且结合文献的实际运用,将“叙事之文”顶格书写,“论事之献”低一格或二格书写。对于“文”“献”的取材来源,并非一成不变,而是把同一书籍的内容、相同性质的材料,随着“叙事”“论事”的实际情况而予以调整征引,充分体现了马端临兼容传统和创新,以及“动态”的文献思想。

Complying with the academic trend of thought in the Song Dynasty,Ma Duanlin compiled Wenxian Tongkao with the method of"compositing and listing".Although put forward the interpretation that different from the previous one that"wen"was"classics"and"xian"was"virtue",he did not oppose its previous explanation.Combined with the practical application,he wrote the"narrative literature"in the top section and the"discussive text"in the lower section or leave two spaces.As for the sources of"wen"and"xian",they are not unchanged.The contents in the same book or the materials of the same nature were adjusted and cited by the practical condition of"narrating"or"discussing".It fully reflected Ma Duanlin's idea of compatible tradition and innovation,as well as"dynamic"literature.