中世纪盛期法国中央王权犹太人政策的收紧

The Restriction of Royal Policies on Jews in High Medieval France

11至13世纪,法兰西诸王颁行了一系列涉犹(犹太人)法令,法国中央政权对犹政策开始显著收紧。这一收紧过程始于对犹太人高利贷活动的管控,实质为由中央政府施行的、针对整个犹太人群体的系统性歧视,表现为法国中央王权对犹政策的三次质变:第一次质变正式将信仰犹太教视为堕落,第二次质变把犹太人的商业活动纳入政府监管,第三次质变将法国犹太人的本土化进程彻底切断。这些涉犹法令不仅是作为“个人”的法兰西国王对犹太人群体的态度,更是正在成型的、以“法兰西国王”为中心的法兰西民族国家的内在需求、是欧洲反犹运动的必然结果。

Between the 11th and 13th centuries,the sovereigns of the Kingdom of France issued a series of laws against Jews and Judaism.From then on,the French Crown started tightening up their policies on Jews.The restriction of these policies began in royal government controls on Jews'usury,determined a systematic discrimination against the whole Jewish group and pursued by the French monarchy.This restriction consists of three phases:First,the faith of Judaism was officially defined as corruption;Secondly,the business affairs of Jews were regulated by the royal government;Thirdly,the indigenization of French Jews were completely terminated.These policies show not only the kings'firm and negative individual attitude towards Jewsish people,but also the internal demand of the forming,king-centred French nation and the corollary of the European anti-Semitism.