基于响应面方法的AUV水动力外形优化

Hydrodynamic profile optimization of AUV based on response surface method

为增强水下滑翔机运动灵活性,提升多工况任务切换能力,提出了基于四螺旋桨驱动与重浮心调整相结合的混合驱动水下航行器的结构方案。对初始外形的水动力进行数值模拟,得出了阻力系数及升阻比随攻角和速度变化的趋势,并基于响应面方法(RSM)和多目标遗传算法(MOGA)对外形几何参数展开了以提高升阻比和减小质量为目标的优化设计,构建二阶响应面模型分析了目标变量随结构几何参数的变化趋势,通过MOGA算法搜索了全局最优解。优化后的升阻比由0.678提高到0.788,壳体质量由26.3 kg降低到24.25 kg,增强了外形水动力性能。该研究方法适用于自主水下航行器(AUV)外形结构的优化,研究结果可为AUV水动力性能的提升提供参考,具有工程指导意义。

In order to enhance the flexibility of its motions and improve the ability of multi-mode task switching, this paper proposes a structure scheme of a hybrid drive underwater vehicle based on the combination of four-propeller drive and gravity-buoyant center adjustment. The hydrodynamic force of the initial shape is numerically simulated, and the trend of drag coefficient and lift-drag ratio varying with the angle of attack and speed is obtained. Based on response surface method(RSM) and multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA), this paper carries out a multi-objective optimization design for the geometric parameters of the shape aiming at improving lift-drag ratio and reducing mass. A second-order RSM is established to analyze the variation trend of the target variables with the geometric parameters of the structure, and the global optimal solution is searched by MOGA algorithm. After optimization, the lift-drag ratio increases from 0.678 to 0.788, and the shell mass reduces from 26.3 KG to 24.25 KG, thus achieving the purpose of improving the hydrodynamic performance of the shape. The research method can be applied to the optimization of the shape structure of an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV), and the research results can provide reference to the improvement of the hydrodynamic performance of AUV, which has engineering guidance significance.