城市养老服务可及性的政策构建:概念界定、问题表征及实现路径

Policy Development for Access of Urban Elderly Care Service:Definition, Problem Representation and Implementation Paths

提供公平可及的养老服务本质上是供给侧与需求侧深度匹配的治理过程。基于可及性分析视角,明晰养老服务可及性的可用性、可达性、可负担性、可接受性、可适应性等五个维度,以及政策法规、资金投入、服务供给、空间设施、监督管理等五个面向。从五个面向对我国城市养老服务进行剖析,分析了目前存在的政策法规体系亟待健全、各类养老资金投入有限、资源配置效率较低及供需脱节、软硬件适老化设施不足、监督评估机制有待完善等问题。提出提升城市养老服务可及性的路径构建:以老年人需求为导向;政府主导下的多元主体参与;形成五位一体养老服务供给的支持体系;通过加强组织、人力、信息三重保障,做好提升城市养老服务可及性的保障措施。

Providing fair access of elderly care service is essentially a governance process of matching between supply and demand. From the perspective of accessibility, this paper analyzed five dimensions including the availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability and adaptability, and five aspects such as policies and regulations, financial investment, service supply, space and facilities, as well as supervision and management. From this five aspects, this paper analyzed urban senior care services and found problems such as unsound law and regulation systems, limited investments, low efficiency of resource allocation, decoupling of supply and demand, inadequate software and hardware elderfriendly facilities as well as supervision and evaluation mechanisms. This paper then proposed relevant paths to develop urban senior care services: being elder-oriented;encouraging multiple players to participate under the guidance of the government;developing a five-in-one support system for service supply;and ensuring accessibility of urban eldercare services by enhancing organization, manpower and information.