美国一流高校跨学科教师聘任的困境、突破及其启示

The Interdisciplinary Faculty Appointment Mechanism of First-class Colleges and Universities in the United States and Its Enlightenment

伴随交叉学科的出现与发展,跨学科教师成为一种新的教师类型。相比于传统单学科的教师管理,跨学科教师如何选聘?学术资源如何配置?跨学科合作成果如何评估?这些都是我国高校亟需解决的难题。根据跨学科教师的行政隶属关系,美国一流高校的跨学科教师聘任类型可分为院系独立聘任制、院系联合聘任制和研究中心直聘制三种。美国一流高校在解决与我国目前类似的跨学科教师聘任困境时,其在跨学科的教师选聘机制、权益分配机制、绩效评估机制以及激励机制等方面的做法有效地缓解了跨学科教师的管理难题。基于上述研究结论,我国高校跨学科教师聘任在实践中应将跨学科教师选聘权力下放至院系,以推动聘任程序规范化;应建立基于跨学科合作的资源分配机制,以打破跨部门利益分割障碍;应创新考核评估机制,以构建适应跨学科教师的绩效评价体系。

With the emergence and development of interdisciplines,interdisciplinary teachers have become a new type of teachers. Compared with the traditional single discipline teacher management,how to select interdisciplinary teachers? How to allocate academic resources? How to evaluate the results of interdisciplinary cooperation? These are the problems that our universities need to solve urgently. This research takes the interdisciplinary teacher appointment system of 17 first-class universities in the United States as the research object. According to the administrative subordination of interdisciplinary teachers,the types of interdisciplinary teacher appointment are summarized into three types: independent appointment system,joint appointment system and direct appointment system of research centers. The research found that when the first-class universities in the United States were solving the similar interdisciplinary teacher employment dilemma with China,their practices in interdisciplinary teacher selection mechanism,rights and interests distribution mechanism,performance evaluation mechanism and incentive mechanism effectively alleviated the management problem of interdisciplinary teachers. Based on the above research conclusions,in practice,the power of interdisciplinary teacher recruitment should be delegated to colleges and departments to promote the standardization of recruitment procedures;We should establish a resource allocation mechanism based on interdisciplinary cooperation to break the barriers of cross sectoral interest segmentation;The evaluation mechanism should be innovated to build a performance evaluation system for interdisciplinary teachers.