成人的职业教育与发展支援:日本职业顾问制度的主要举措、问题与教育支援趋势

Adults’ Vocational Education and Development Support:The Main Measures,Problems and Education Support Trend of Japan’s Career Consultant System

伴随着日本型雇佣政策的转变、劳动力供求的结构性变化、员工的主动性职业发展与能力开发需求增加,职业顾问这一国家制度应运而生。为此,职业教育与发展支援的相关部门与人员等建立了可支持主动职业教育与发展的体制,并加强劳动政策、相关制度、相关项目的合作等。企业注重通过大力推进自助式职业驿站、灵活运用工作卡等举措,加强员工对职业教育与发展支援的理解与认识;对员工个人则注重通过提升其对职业咨询的认知度及积极自主学习的支持等举措,为其创造更多的自主职业教育与发展的机会;对职业顾问,国家则注重增加相关培训机构与课程、强化专业性与实践性等以提升其职业教育与发展辅助的精准性与丰富程度。同时,力争通过完善所需学习项目(学习矩阵)、强化资深监督的教育与指导、确保职业咨询的实践机会等教育支援措施来解决职业顾问的“持续教育与学习”问题。

With the change of Japanese employment policy,the structural change of labor supply and demand,and the increasing demand for employees’ active career development and capacity development,the national system of career consultant registration came into being. For this reason,relevant departments and personnel of vocational education and development support have established a system that can support active vocational education and development,and strengthened cooperation in labor policies,relevant systems,and related projects. The enterprise pays attention to strengthening the understanding and knowledge of employees’ career development support by vigorously promoting self-service career codes,flexible use of job cards and other measures;for individual employees,it is important to create more opportunities for independent vocational education and development by improving their awareness of career consultant and support for active independent learning;the state attaches importance to increasing relevant training institutions and courses,strengthening careerism and practicality to improve the accuracy and richness of vocational education and development assistance. At the same time,the state also strives to solve the problem of "continuous education and learning" of career consultants by taking such education support measures as improving learning items(learning matrix required),strengthening education and guidance of senior supervision and ensuring practice opportunities for career consultant.