装饰单板漂白染色的色差调控

Study on chromatic aberration modification of decorative veneer based on wood bleaching and dyeing

针对装饰单板因色差导致降等,产品附加值降低问题,采用漂白染色处理方法对装饰单板进行色差调控,分析不同处理条件下单板色度和色差变化及其色差调控机理。研究结果显示,漂白处理对白蜡木、黑胡桃的色差调控效果较好,其中白蜡木色差从8.80降至0.74,黑胡桃从11.51降至2.97。深色染料处理的色差调控效果最佳(色差小于4.0)。方差分析和多重比较结果显示,处理条件、树种与处理条件的交互作用对色差调控结果影响极显著(P<0.05)。对照样与漂白、浅色与深色染料染色后单板色差差异明显,浅色染料染色与漂白处理样和深色染色处理样色差差异不明显。漂白染色处理对单板色差调控机理主要是漂白处理过程中对木质素和内含物中发色基团的降解,以及染色过程中染料对单板底色形成良好的覆盖。研究成果可实现在不遮盖单板纹理条件下装饰单板色彩均一化,减小色差,同时赋予单板丰富的色彩,为低等级装饰单板的高值化利用提供技术和理论支撑。

In order to overcome the quality problem of decorative veneers affected by the chromatic aberration, the present study took the bleaching and dyeing treatment method to modify the chromatic aberration of decorative veneers, and the analyses of the chromatic aberration and color factors of veneers under different processing conditions were carried out, while the mechanism of chromatic aberration modification was also explored. As the results shown, the bleaching treatment was more effective for the chromatic aberration modification of the Fraxinus chinensis and Juglans nigra veneers(the chromatic aberration of the F. chinensis veneer was reduced from 8.80 to 0.74, and the chromatic aberration of the J. nigra veneer was reduced from 11.51 to 2.97). The chromatic aberration modification effect of the dyeing of dark dye was the best(the chromatic aberration was less than 4.0 for all species). The ANOVA results showed that the treatment conditions, interaction of species and treatment conditions had extremely significant impact on the results of the chromatic aberration(P<0.05), while the Turkey test indicated that there were obvious differences of chromatic aberration between the control, bleached samples, light-color and dark-color dyed samples. The chromatic aberration of light-color dyed samples had no obvious difference compared with the bleached and dark-color dyed samples. The mechanism of the bleaching and dyeing treatment to realize the chromatic aberration modification was that the lignin and the chromophore in the extractives were degraded during the bleaching process, and then the dyes formed a good coverage of the color of bleached veneers during the dyeing process. This method can be helpful for the uniformization of the color of decorative veneers while maintaining the veneer texture unchanged, which eventually modify the chromatic aberration and endows the veneers with different colors. Moreover, it could provide technical and theoretical supports for the high-value utilization of low-grade decorative veneers.