垫层及充气压对空气弹簧床垫硬度的影响

Influence of cushion material and charge pressure on the hardness of air spring mattress

床垫的软硬度由床垫各层结构共同影响,空气弹簧作为新型支撑结构进行床垫设计的应用,与传统固定刚度弹簧层不同,其自身刚度可以通过充气压进行变化,为此研究在空气弹簧床垫中,床垫构造对整体软硬度的影响。通过床垫分层硬度以及综合刚度的测试,分析铺垫层材料种类、厚度以及空气弹簧的充气压对床垫的软硬度的影响。结果表明,铺垫层材料主要影响表层、芯层硬度;相同厚度和气压下,垫层变化对综合刚度变化影响较小。气压值的变化主要影响芯层、底层硬度以及综合刚度。垫层种类、厚度以及气压值三者均对空气弹簧床垫软硬度有影响,垫层厚度、充气压的变换对床垫软硬度影响显著,且二者之间的交互作用对空气弹簧床垫硬度变化存在影响。此外,空气弹簧底部的支撑材料床垫对床垫底层硬度也存在一定影响。10,30,50 mm 3种厚度中,30 mm厚的垫层最为合适,此时的空气弹簧层能够更好地提供支撑作用。空气弹簧在9~15 kPa区间内变化较15~21 kPa显著,但变化不稳定性也较大。在材料的选择上,乳胶海绵和较高密度海绵更适合作为垫层使用,材料组合搭配后能够凸显优点,使不同气压下床垫软硬度的变化更为均匀。

The hardness of the mattress is affected by the structure of each layer of the mattress. In this study, the air spring was used as a new supporting structure to design the mattress. Unlike the traditional fixed stiffness spring layer, its stiffness can be changed through inflation pressure. Therefore, the influence of the mattress structure on the overall hardness of the air spring mattress was studied. Through the test of mattress layered hardness and comprehensive stiffness, the influence of cushion material type, thickness, and air spring inflation pressure on the hardness of the mattress was analyzed. The results showed that the cushion material mainly affected the hardness of the surface layer and core layer. Under the same thickness and air pressure, the change of cushion had little influence on the change of comprehensive stiffness. The change in air pressure mainly affected the hardness of the core layer, bottom layer, and comprehensive stiffness. The cushion type, thickness, and air pressure value all had an impact on the hardness of the air spring mattress. The change of the cushion thickness and air pressure had a significant impact on the hardness of the mattress, and the interaction between them had an impact on the hardness change of the air spring mattress. In addition, the supporting materials at the bottom of the air spring mainly affected the hardness of the bottom layer of the mattress, and had little impact on the overall stiffness. When the cushion was 50 mm, the bottom layer support mate-rial had less influence on the bottom layer hardness of the air spring mattress than the cushion with 30 mm thick, which reflected the relationship among the longitudinal deformation of the mattress, the cushion thickness and the air pressure under the same pressure. Among the three thicknesses of 10, 30 and 50 mm, the 30 mm thick cushion was the most appropriate, and the air spring layer can better provide support. The change of air spring in the range of 9-15 kPa was more significant than that in the range of 15-21 kPa, but the change of instability was also significant. In the selection of materials, latex and high-density sponge were more suitable for use as cushions. The combination of cushion materials would highlight the comprehensive advantages, and the changes in the hardness of the mattress under different air pressures would be more uniform.