数字经济发展对家庭相对贫困的缓解效应

The Alleviation Effect of Digital Economy Development on the Relative Poverty of Households

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,探索相对贫困治理有效路径,对构建相对贫困长效治理机制具有重要意义。数字经济作为经济社会发展的新动能,可为长效脱贫注入强大动力。构建数字经济发展水平综合评价指标体系,利用全排列多边形图示指标法测度省级层面数字经济发展水平,结合中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,实证研究数字经济发展对我国家庭相对贫困的影响和作用机理。研究发现,数字经济发展能有效缓解家庭相对贫困,降低家庭因遭受相对剥夺而陷入贫困状态的可能性,采用面板固定效应模型、工具变量法、滞后变量法缓解潜在内生性问题后,该结论依然成立。异质性分析结果表明,数字经济发展在农村家庭、中西部地区家庭、户主年龄未超过60岁和受教育年限较长家庭中对相对贫困的抑制作用更强;机制分析结果表明,数字经济主要通过就业创造效应、金融赋能效应、人力资本赋能效应缓解家庭相对贫困。为进一步增强数字经济的减贫效应,未来要持续推动数字经济发展,强化数字经济在促进就业增收方面的作用;灵活运用数字经济就业创造机制,大力拓展就业渠道,因势利导做好稳就业工作;注重提升居民人力资本水平,使人民群众能公平享有数字红利;提高数字技术向农村特别是贫困地区渗透的广度和深度,以数字普惠金融和农产品电商助力乡村振兴。

Consolidating and expanding our achievements in poverty alleviation,and exploring the establishment of the long-term governance mechanism for relative poverty is of great significance.As a new driving force for economic and social development,the digital economy has injected a strong impetus for long-term poverty eradication.Based on the the establishment of comprehensive evaluation indicator system for digital economy development,digital economy development index measured by the full-arrangement graphical indicator method at the provincial level and the China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS)data,the author examines the impact of digital economy development on the relative poverty of Chinese households and its mechanism of action.The study shows that the digital economy significantly slows down the occurrence of relative poverty and reduces the likelihood of households falling into poverty in the future due to relative deprivation,and the findings remain consistent even after overcoming potential endogenous issues with Panel Fixed Effect Model,Instrumental Variables Method,and Lagged Variables.Heterogeneity analysis finds that digital economy development has a stronger effect on poverty reduction in urban areas,eastern regions,lower age groups,and more educated groups;and mechanism tests suggest that the digital economy alleviates relative household poverty mainly through employment creation effect,financial empowerment effect,and human capital empowerment effect.To further enhance the effect of digital economy on poverty alleviation,we should,first,continuously promote the development of digital economy,strengthen the role of digital economy in promoting employment and income increasing;second,we should flexibly take advantage of the employment creation mechanism of digital economy,explore more channels for employment,and do a better job in employment by seizing the trend;third,we should pay more attention to improving the level of residents’human capital,and make people to fairly share the digital dividend;and fifth,we should strengthen the breadth and depth of digital technology penetration into rural areas,specially the poor areas,and promote rural vitalization with the help of digital inclusive finance and the e-commerce of agricultural products.