餐厨垃圾厌氧处理“碳中和”综合效益评价

Environmental impact and carbon neutral benefit of food waste anaerobic treatment case evaluation

为综合评估餐厨垃圾厌氧处理的环境影响与效益,对某餐厨垃圾厌氧处理工艺及其技术单元进行生命周期环境影响评价,并建立“碳中和”计算模型预测与验证实际碳排及耗能情况,综合“环境影响-碳排耗能-经济效益-社会效益”对实际案例进行评估.结果表明,沼肥加工和沼气提纯技术单元分别造成39%和59%总环境影响.另外,粗油提炼、沼气提纯以生物基产品回收形式大幅度削减碳排,分别占理论碳削减的9.7%和54.7%.餐厨垃圾处理厂需通过增加系统稳定性、完善气体监测体系、提高技术处理效率和优化设备额外耗能情况等方式,以减少理论与实际碳排能耗偏差.经综合评价,该餐厨垃圾处理厂模式具备实现“负碳”潜力,其工艺推广具有未来前景.

In order to comprehensively assess the impact and benefit of food waste treatment,life cycle environmental impact assessment of food waste treatment process was conducted,especially technical units.Carbon neutral calculation model was established to predict and verify the actual carbon emission and energy consumption.The practical case was evaluated by integrated consideration of“environment-economic-social”benefit.The results showed that the biomass fertiliser processing and biogas purification units caused 39%and 59%of the total environmental impact respectively.In addition,the carbon emission from crude oil refining and biogas purification were significantly reduced in the form of bio-based product recovery,accounting for 9.7%and 54.7%of the theoretical carbon reduction,respectively.The food waste treatment plant needs to reduce the discrepancy between theoretical and actual carbon emission by increasing the stability of the system,improving the gas monitoring system,increasing the technical treatment efficiency and optimising the additional energy consumption of the equipment.The overall assessment showed that analysed model of food waste treatment has potential to be"carbon-negative"and bright future prospects for technology promotion.