东南丘陵山区市域农业生产适宜性分析及空间优化调控——以福建省三明市为例

Suitability Analysis and Spatial Optimization of Agricultural Production in Urban Areas of Southeast Hilly Area: A Case Study of Sanming, Fujian Province, China

以资源环境承载力为基础,科学评价农业生产适宜性和优化农业生产空间,对保障生态安全、资源安全和粮食安全具有重要意义。已有关于农业生产功能指向的资源环境承载力和国土空间开发适宜性评价的研究指标体系选取因素考虑不全面,对东南丘陵山区市域尺度的农用地适宜性分析和农业生产空间优化调控的研究较少,且评价方法忽视了适宜性影响因素间相对重要性的比较,不利于科学评价农业生产适宜性。本研究以福建省三明市为例,构建适用于丘陵山区的农业生产适宜性评价指标体系,采用因素间相对比较的判断矩阵进行因素综合集成,将适宜性评价结果划分为5个等级,并对农业生产空间提出格局优化和调控建议。结果表明:(1)三明市农业生产资源环境承载力空间分布具有“西高东低”特征,承载力较高及以上等级的面积占比为44.83%,主要分布于西部的建宁、宁化和清流县;(2)三明市农业生产适宜和较适宜区域占比为25.61%,与资源环境承载力较高及以上区域分布基本对应,主要分布在平原、盆地等缓坡平坦地区。根据各区县农业生产适宜性评价结果和农业发展现状,将农业生产空间划分为粮食优势生产区、城郊农业区和特色农产品区,并提出相应布局优化和调控策略。本研究可为丘陵地区农业生产适宜性评价提供科学依据,也可为农业生产空间优化调控策略提供理论基础。

A scientific assessment of the suitability of agricultural production and relevant optimization of agricultural production space in accordance with the carrying capacity of resources and environment of interest is of great significance for ensuring ecological security, resource security, and food security. Some well-known performance metrics designed to assess the suitability of land space development for agricultural production purpose based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment were not comprehensive, none of them in connection with the urban areas of southeast hilly areas;and most of them were hardly performed on a scale of a municipality, without comparison of statistical significance of indices, which were not benefit for justification of evaluation processes. In this study, it took Sanming of Fujian province, a hilly and mountainous city in southeastern China as a case study to construct a performance metrics for evaluating the suitability of agricultural production. It introduced a judgment matrix with relative comparison among factors to integrate the indices. The results of the suitability assessment were graded into five levels, and suggestions were made for optimizing the pattern of the agricultural production space and regulating. The results show that:(1) The spatial distribution of the carrying capacity of resources and environment for agricultural production resources in Sanming city had a pattern of “high in the west and low in the east”, where 44.83% of the areas with high resource carrying capacity and above were mainly distributed in Jianning, Ninghua and Qingliu counties in the west.(2) The proportion of areas suitable and sub-suitable to agricultural production in Sanming was 25.61%;they were mainly distributed in flat areas with gentle undulation, such as plains and basins, which basically corresponded to the distribution of areas with high resource carrying capacity and above. According to our suitability evaluations and the present orientations of agricultural development in each district and county of Sanming, agricultural production space could be classified into three zones: advantageous-grain-production area, suburban-agriculture-area, and specialty-agriculture-product area. Accordingly, layout optimization and regulation strategies for agricultural production in Sanming were put forward. This study can provide a scientific basis for the suitability evaluation of agricultural production in hilly areas of southern China and build a theoretical foundation for optimization and regulation strategies of agricultural production space.