低阶煤浮选研究现状与展望

Status quo of the research work on low-rank coal flotation and future outlook

为推进低阶煤浮选工业化进展,基于低阶煤表面性质分析,综述了近年来国内外学者在低阶煤选前预处理、浮选药剂优化、浮选过程强化方面取得的研究成果,并介绍了当前低阶煤浮选工业化应用。结果表明:选前对低阶煤进行热处理、微波预处理、超声波预处理、孔隙压缩预处理和调浆预处理均可改善低阶煤表面疏水性,提高其浮选效果;采用表面活性剂、复配药剂和合成药剂可提高低阶煤浮选效果;油泡浮选、药剂乳化、载体浮选等可强化低阶煤浮选过程,提高低阶煤浮选效果。目前低阶煤浮选工业化尚处于起步阶段,今后应进一步研究药剂作用机理,开发适用于低阶煤浮选的高效绿色环保药剂,加强低阶煤表面改性的工业化应用研究,并寻找精煤和尾煤的最佳利用途径。

For stepping up the progress of industrialization of low-rank coal flotation,following an analy-sis of the surface property of low-rank coal,the author presents a general overview of the achievements obtained by both domestic and overseas workers in research on low-rank coal pretreatment,optimization of flotation agents,and flotation process intensification,together with an introduction to the low-rank coal flotation processes currently in industrial application.It is concluded that having the low-rank coal pre-treated by heating,microwave,ultrasonic wave,pore compression and pulp conditioning means can re-sult in a better flotation result due to improvement of surface hydrophobicity of the coal;the use of surfac-tant and composite and synthetic agents can likewise produce an improved flotation effect;and a much improved flotation effect can be expected by applying the oil-bubble,agent emulsification and carrier flo-tation intensification processes.It is pointed out that the industrialization of low-rank coal flotation process is currently just in a starting stage and further research work should be directed towards mechanism of ac-tion of agents,development of high-efficiency,green and environmentally-friendly agents suitable for use in flotation of low-rank coal;stepping up the study on low-rank coal surface modification technology and its industrial application;and the optimal approaches for utilization of low-rank coal flotation concentrate and tailings products.