儿童青少年心理健康与屈光度相关性分析

Association of mental health with myopia among children and adolescents:a cross-sectional survey in Shandong province

目的掌握儿童青少年屈光和心理健康状况,探讨心理健康状态与近视的相关性,了解影响儿童青少年屈光度及心理健康的相关因素,为制定近视防控策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,于2020年9—12月在山东省13个地市调查8672名3~8年级学生,对学生进行视力检查和在线心理问卷调查。结果近视学生思维维度和情绪维度得分为(17.25±2.87)分和(10.69±1.93)分,高于非近视学生的(17.12±2.86)分和(10.57±1.96)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-1.97、-2.67,均P<0.05);随着年级的增长,近视学生和非近视学生在思维、情绪和意志行为等不同的心理维度得分出现差异;不同地理区域学生心理健康水平不同,儿童青少年屈光度与性别、年级、地区和情绪维度(t=-38.85、-6.75、4.26、-2.63,均P<0.05)相关。结论儿童青少年屈光发育与性别、年龄、地区及心理因素有关;综合防控儿童青少年近视,不仅仅要关注视力发育和眼部健康,还需要结合儿童青少年人格、心理特征,开展有针对性的干预,以提高学生的眼健康和心理健康水平。

Objective To explore the correlation between mental health and myopia in children and adolescents and to provide evidences for developing strategies on myopia prevention.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling,we recruited10720 students of grade 3-8 from 52 primary/junior high schools in 13 urban districts and 13 counties across Shandong province.The students’visual acuity was examined with Standard Logarithm Eyesight Table and computer refractometer during September-December 2020 and their mental health status were assessed simultaneously online with the Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent(MHS-CA)developed previously by domestic researchers.Results Complete information were collected from a total of 8672 students(53.9%boys and 46.1%girls,79.5%primary and 20.5%junior high school students).Compared to the non-myopic students,the myopic students had significantly higher MHS-CA dimension scores for thinking(17.25±2.87 vs.17.12±2.86,t=-1.97)and emotion(10.69±1.93 vs.10.57±1.96,t=-2.67)(both P<0.05).The differences in MHS-CA dimension scores for thinking,emotion and volitional behavior between myopic students and non-myopic students became significant with the age increase of the students.There was a significant difference in MHS-CA score among the students in different geographical regions.The occurrence and development of myopia in the students differed significantly by gender(t=-38.85),schooling grade(t=-6.75),residence region(t=4.26),and MHS-CA score for emotional dimension(t=-2.63)(all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents of Shandong province is related to gender,age,residence region,and mental status and the impact factors need to be concerned in myopia prevention in the younger population.