“精神生产”与文化领导权问题——重读考茨基

“Spiritual Production”and Cultural Hegemony Issues:Rereading Karl Kautsky

在西方马克思主义乃至后马克思主义之后,重读历史争议中的考茨基已然具有足够长的历史距离。考茨基的“灌输论”强调文化社会功能实践的现实生活基础,同时又必须服从于精神生产自身的规律;“精神生产的无政府主义”强调精神生产的自由性、个体性,突出知识分子在精神生产中的角色地位,这根植于无产阶级革命目的,即人的自由与解放之中。考茨基文化领导权理论思考中的调和立场,体现了第二国际理论家的深刻思考与理论困惑,在某种程度上可以视为马克思主义批判理论当代阐释的寓言。

After Western Marxism and even post-Marxism,there is already a long enough historical distance to reread Karl Kautsky(1854-1938)who was controversial in history.Kautsky’s indoctrination theory emphasizes the real-life foundation of the practice of the social functions of culture,which must also obey the laws of spiritual production.“Anarchism of spiritual production”emphasizes the freedom and individuality of spiritual production and highlights the role of intellectuals in spiritual production.It is rooted in the purpose of the proletarian revolution,namely,in the freedom and liberation of people.Kautsky’s mediation position in his theory of cultural hegemony reflects the in-depth reflection and theoretical confusion of the Second International(1889-1914)theoreticians,which can be seen as an allegory of contemporary interpretation of Marxism critical theory in some ways.