从摩崖石刻看明代的乡村叙事——以上甘棠村为例

On Rural Narrative from Cliff Inscriptions in the Ming Dynasty——Taking Shanggantang Village as an Example

摩崖石刻是中国古代乡村叙事的方式之一,有着勒石为记、传之久远的特点。湖南江永上甘棠村存有11方明代石刻,内容主要包括称颂地方官功绩、歌咏上甘棠村景色、赞誉公共性工程的兴修等,展现了明代内陆村民的日常生活和精神世界。石刻内容表明,乡绅是明代乡村的核心人物,他们以符合儒学标准的德行引领村民知恩图报、崇尚文教、仁爱至善、造福乡里。一代代村民则在反复吟咏石刻文献的过程中被潜移默化,并将之融入日常言行。摩崖石刻叙事将有形的人物、景观、事件转化为乡村的精神内核,对中国古代乡村的长期延续起到了重要作用。

Cliff inscription is one of the rural narrative forms in ancient China,whose characteristics are carving words on stone and spreading forever.There are 11 cliff inscriptions whose contents include praising the achievements of local officials,singing the scenery of Shanggantang Village and eulogizing the construction of public welfare projects,which display the ordinary villages’daily life and mental world in the interior from one side.The squires were the core figure of the countryside in the Ming Dynasty.They met the practical needs of the villages,and advocated the virtues of showing gratitude,advocating literacy and education,benevolence and goodness and benefitting the village.When the villages chanted repeatedly these stone inscriptions,they were imperceptibly influenced by these words which were integrated into their daily life.The cliff inscriptions turn characters,landscapes and events into the spiritual core of the countryside,which has played an important role in the long-term continuation of ancient Chinese villages.