明中后期“国权下县”与基层社会治理——以海瑞《淳安政事》为案例

“Delegating State Power to County”and Grass-Roots Social Governance in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty——A Case Study of Hairui’s The Political Affairs of Chun’An

明代中后期,随着多元化社会的到来以及国内外局势的变化,基层社会领域出现了诸多不稳定因素,国家对基层社会的控制效力面临巨大的挑战。这时,一批优秀的“亲民知县官”脱颖而出。他们运用一套成熟却又早已松弛的权力机制,积极投身于基层社会治理,并取得了显著效益,重树了“国权”威严。海瑞便是其中一位。《淳安政事》是海瑞知县一方和参与基层社会治理的经验结晶,其中所呈现的“官民合治”模式不仅有效地推动了淳安社会的有序发展,保障了地方百姓的安居乐业,还将国家权力意志以一种恰如其分的方式深入到县级以下的基层领域。这种模式的成功运用是多方因素共同作用的结果,对现代社会的基层治理具有一定的借鉴意义。

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,with the emergence of diversified society and changes of domestic and foreign situations,there were many unstable factors in the field of grass-roots society,and the state was facing great challenges of controlling it.During this period,a group of excellent“people-concerned county magistrates”stood out.They actively participated in the governance of grass-roots society by using a set of mature but already relaxed power mechanism.They achieved remarkable effects and regained the authority of“state power”.Hai Rui was one of them.The Political Affairs of Chun’an was the experience crystallization of Hai Rui’s participating in grass-roots social governance.The“official-civil governance”model presented in it not only effectively promoted the orderly development of Chun’an society,guaranteed the local people’s living,but also penetrated the will of state power into the grass-roots areas below the county level in a proper way.The successful application of this model was the result of the joint action of many factors,which has certain reference significance for the grass-roots governance in modern society.