基于GPS数据的重型货车碳排放计算及时空分布研究

Carbon Emissions Calculation and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Heavy Duty Trucks Based on GPS Data

重型货车是交通运输行业中重要的碳排放源。为了有效地减少重型货车碳排放,亟需结合重型货车碳排放特征,研究具有针对性的重型货车减排策略。首先,基于上海12t及以上重型货车GPS数据,将其与路网GIS数据进行空间匹配,计算重型货车平均车速;然后,通过观测和分析,得出城市典型工况下集装箱卡车碳排放量与平均车速间的关系,估算不同车速重型货车对应的碳排放量;最后,将重型货车碳排放数据分别与道路网络和城市用地布局进行关联分析,获得重型货车碳排放时间和空间分布特征。结果表明:时间上,上海重型货车碳排放在10:00—17:00时段整体呈高峰分布特征,高峰小时出现在11:00—12:00时段;空间上,重型货车碳排放主要分布在中心城区以外的区域且沿主要货运通道分布,同时重型货车碳排放与货运通道、制造业产业空间布局等因素相关。据此,提出重型货车碳减排建议:加强货运需求较大的产业基地与铁路和水运系统间的衔接;从区域视角关注产业链上下游协作及相应的空间资源配置;进一步加强水铁、水水联运以优化港口集疏运方式结构;研究建设全天候或限时货运专用通道以提高道路货物运输效率。

Heavy duty trucks are an important source of carbon emissions in transportation industry.In order to effectively reduce the carbon emissions of heavy duty trucks,it is urgent to study carbon reduction strategies for heavy duty trucks based on its characteristics of carbon emissions.Firstly,GPS data of trucks above 12 tons in Shanghai were used to calculate the average speed of heavy duty trucks by matching with Shanghai roads GIS network.Then,the relationship between the carbon emissions of container trucks and the average speed in typical urban cycle was obtained by observation and analysis,and the corresponding carbon emissions of heavy duty trucks with different speeds were estimated.Finally,the carbon emission data of heavy duty trucks were assigned to road network and urban land use layout respectively to obtain the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions of heavy duty trucks.The results showed that:the carbon emissions of heavy duty trucks in Shanghai generally showed a peak distribution feature from 10:00 to 17:00,and the peak hour occured from 11:00 to 12:00;the carbon emissions of heavy duty trucks were mainly distributed in periphery of the central urban area and along the main freight corridors,which was highly related to the layout of freight corridors,manufacturing industry,et al.Accordingly,some suggestions on carbon emissions reduction of heavy duty trucks were proposed:strengthening the connection between industrial bases with large freight demand and railway and water transport systems;from a regional perspective,making the upstream and downstream of industrial chain cooperate efficiently and reasonably allocating the space resources;optimizing the port collection and distribution mode structure by further developing railway and water transport;constructing whole day or time-limited truck lanes in freight corridors to improve transportation efficiency.