基于GIS与RS的广东省化州市土地利用演变及生态敏感性评价

Land Use Evolution and Ecological Sensitivity Assessment Based on GIS and RS in Huazhou of Guangdong Province

土地利用格局变化与生态敏感性关系到区域生态环境的动态稳定。以广东省化州市为研究区域,通过RS与GIS技术的统计分析,研究化州市2013年与2019年的土地利用特点及动态变化特征,并挑选出土地利用类型、高程、水体缓冲区、植被覆盖度、坡度、坡向6个生态敏感性因子,利用GIS的分析技术与变异系数法得到化州市2019年单因子与综合生态敏感性成果。结果表明:土地利用方面,化州市2013年到2019年林地、未利用地、耕地3个土地用地类型面积减少,而建设用地和水域则面积增加,土地利用总体有一定动态变化,但变化程度不大,状态相对稳定;综合生态敏感性分布方面,中度敏感区面积占比最高,在化州市北部分布最多;而极度、高度敏感区多位于化州市北部镇区边界线;不敏感、轻度敏感区位于化州市南部极少数中部地区,在化州市北部也有零散分布。总体来说,化州市需要树立人地和谐理念,加强生态保育功能,以促进化州市生态文明建设。

The change of land use pattern and ecological sensitivity are related to the dynamic stability of the regional ecological environment. In this paper,by targeting Huazhou City as the research area and by using the statistical analysis of RS and GIS,the characteristics of land use and dynamic changes in 2013 and 2019 in Huazhou City were studied,moreover,six ecological sensitive factors such as land use type,elevation,water buffer zone,vegetation coverage,slope and aspect were selected. Using GIS analysis technology and coefficient of variation method,the single factor and comprehensive ecological sensitivity results of Huazhou City in 2019 were obtained.The results show that from 2013 to 2019,the area of woodland,unused land and cultivated land decreased,the area of construction land and water area increased,and the degree of land use changed to some extent,but the overall change was not high and the state was relatively stable. From the distribution of comprehensive ecological sensitivity,the area of moderately sensitive area accounts for the highest proportion,mainly distributed in the north of Huazhou City. And extremely sensitive areas are mostly located at the boundary line of northern cities and towns in Huazhou. Insensitive areas and mildly sensitive areas are located in the south of Huazhou City and a few central areas,scattered in the north of Huazhou City. Generally speaking,Huazhou needs to establish the concept of harmony between man and land and fulfil the ecological conservation function so as to promote the ecological civilization in Huazhou.