一种船载走航式海气甲烷交换通量测量系统设计与应用研究

Research on Design and Application of Shipborne Air-Sea Methane Exchange Flux Measurement System

海气界面交换是实现海洋和大气相互作用的重要途径,其通量代表海洋与大气之间的能量交换幅度。研究海气交换通量变化特征对监测海气界面碳循环过程、碳收支通量和全球气候变化具有重要意义。针对传统通量测量方法存在观测方式结合不足、样品转移损耗大、无法实时测量导致计算结果偏差较大等问题,并结合实际工作需求,本文设计了水气甲烷交换通量自动测量系统。该系统主要由采集模块、控制模块及辅助模块构成,在硬件层面上实现了船载海表大气及表层海水甲烷同步走航测量。基于C#、JavaScript语言对流式数据实时存储及通量计算过程进行了可视化编程,该系统实现了交换通量结果计算自动化,解决了海水—大气界面甲烷含量及交换通量的快速实时测量等核心问题。通过对海气通量自动测量系统海试,验证了该系统设计的可行性,为后续研究多尺度海气相互作用及全球气候变化提供了新的技术手段。

Air-sea interface exchange is an important way to realize the interaction between the ocean and atmosphere,and its flux represents the range of energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere.It is of great significance to investigate the variation characteristics of the air-sea exchange flux at the air-sea interface to explore the carbon cycle,carbon budget fluxes,and global climate change.Combined with the actual work requirements,an automatic measurement system for sea-air methane exchange flux was designed,aiming at the problems of traditional flux measurement methods such as insufficient combination of observation methods,large loss of sample transfer,and great deviation of calculation results due to the inability of real-time measurement.This system is mainly composed of an acquisition module,control module,and auxiliary module,which realized the simultaneous navigation measurement of shipboard sea surface atmosphere and surface seawater methane at the hardware level.Based on the C#and JavaScript languages,the process of realtime streaming data storage and flux calculation was visualized.The automatic calculation of flux results was achieved,and core problems(such as rapid real-time measurement of methane content and exchange flux at the seawater-atmosphere interface)were solved.The feasibility of the system design was verified by the sea test of the automatic measurement system of air-sea flux,which provides a new technical means for the follow-up study of multi-scale air-sea interactions and global climate change.