不同能见度及信息量对驾驶人视觉特性影响

The influence of different visibility and information on the driver’s visual characteristics

为探究不同能见度及信息量条件下驾驶人的视觉特性,以城市主干路为模型基础,分别建立不同能见度及信息量条件的模拟驾驶场景。选取21名驾驶人参与试验,运用模拟驾驶试验的方式采集数据,分析不同能见度及信息量条件下驾驶人注视时长、扫视百分比和瞳孔直径变化规律;通过动态分类法对驾驶人视野区域进行划分,应用马尔科夫链计算驾驶人在不同能见度及信息量条件下注视点在各区域间的一步转移概率和平稳分布概率。结果表明:能见度较好时交通标志信息量是影响驾驶人视觉特性的主要因素,在I3条件下驾驶人能够迅速判别道路交通环境中的重点信息;当能见度较差时驾驶人的观察区域由道路远处向近处转移,无法及时搜索远处的潜在威胁,不利于行车安全。

In order to explore the visual characteristics of drivers under different visibility and information content conditions, a simulated driving scene with different visibility and information content conditions was established based on the urban trunk road model. A total of 21 drivers were selected to participate in the experiment. Data were collected by simulated driving test, and the changes of gaze duration, saccade percentage and pupil diameter of drivers were analyzed under different visibility and information content conditions. The driver’s visual field area is divided by dynamic classification method, and the Markov chain is used to calculate the one-step transition probability and stationary distribution probability of the driver’s view point in each area under different visibility and information conditions. The results show that the information content of traffic signs is the main factor affecting drivers’ visual characteristics when visibility is good. Under the condition of I3, drivers can quickly identify the key information in road traffic environment. When the visibility is poor, the driver’s observation area is shifted from the distance to the near area of the road, and the potential threats in the distance cannot be searched in time, which is not conducive to driving safety.