ICT优势与农产品跨境采购——基于中国出口CPTPP的实证

ICT Advantages and Cross-border Procurement of Agricultural Products

数字经济时代如何通过数字赋能提高产业国际竞争力是中国外贸实现稳定高质量发展的重要需求。聚焦农业数字化转型,基于中国出口CPTPP成员国样本,理论分析信息技术对贸易便利化与贸易多元成本的影响机制,并实证考察进口国信息通信技术(ICT)优势对中国农产品出口的潜在影响。基于一般均衡引力模型和2007-2017年中国对CPTPP11个成员国产业层面农产品出口面板数据,以PPML估计法研究发现,通过降低综合贸易成本尤其是非关税成本,CPTPP成员国相对中国的ICT优势显著增加了其对中国的跨境农产品采购。平均而言,各国ICT优势每增加一个标准差,则中国农产品出口额将提高3.6%,且贸易促进作用具有产业异质性、指标异质性和动态演变特征。打造标准化线上服务平台、建立农产品电子文件绿色交换通道、提高国民信息素养是推动中国农业数字化转型和培育农产品出口竞争新优势的思路。

In the era of digital economy, how to improve the international competitiveness of industries through digital empowerment is an important demand for China’s foreign trade to achieve stable and high-quality development. Focusing on the transformation of agricultural digitalization, based on the samples of China’s export CPP member countries, this paper theoretically analyzes the impact mechanism of information technology on trade facilitation and trade multiple costs, and empirically examines the potential impact of information and communication technology(ICT) advantages of importing countries on China’s agricultural exports. Based on the general equilibrium gravity model and the panel data of China’s agricultural exports to cptpp11 member countries at the industry level from 2007 to 2017, using the PPML estimation method, it is found that by reducing the comprehensive trade costs, especially the non-tariff costs, the ICT advantages of cptpp member countries over China have significantly increased their cross-border agricultural products procurement to China. On average, every increase of one standard deviation of ICT advantages in various countries will increase China’s agricultural exports by 3.6%,and the trade promotion effect has the characteristics of industrial heterogeneity, indicator heterogeneity and dynamic evolution. Building a standardized online service platform, establishing a green exchange channel for electronic documents of agricultural products, and improving national information literacy are ideas to promote China’s agricultural digital transformation and cultivate new competitive advantages in agricultural exports.