巨大肩袖损伤关节镜手术治疗进展

Progress on arthroscopic surgery for massive rotator cuff tears

巨大肩袖损伤的手术治疗是骨科医师面临的一个挑战,且肩袖撕裂后肌腱回缩、粘连及脂肪浸润会进一步加大手术修复难度,所以如何更好地修复巨大肩袖损伤成为了目前研究的热点与难点。近年来,随着关节镜技术不断发展,肩关节镜手术已成为治疗巨大肩袖损伤的金标准,但其不同术式的适应证、效果及联合应用仍存在争议。笔者认为对于功能要求较低的老年患者,可行肩关节清理联合肩峰成形术或肱骨大结节成形术,可短期缓解患者肩关节疼痛;对于伴有肱二头肌长头腱损伤的患者,肱二头肌长头腱切断或固定术效果显著;完全修补术依旧是巨大肩袖撕裂的一线治疗方法,而对于无法完全修补的巨大肩袖撕裂可行部分修补术;对于功能需求较高的年轻患者,补片增强技术可带来良好的效果;对于肩关节内外旋能力受限且功能要求较高的患者,建议选用肌腱转位术;对于无明显盂肱关节炎、三角肌力量较好、功能要求较高的患者,上关节囊重建术更具优势。此外,肩峰下假体植入术因其创伤小、费用低、相对安全等优点成为目前研究热点,其长期效果仍需进一步证实。

The surgical treatment of massive rotator cuff tears is a clinical challenge for orthopaedic surgeons.Moreover,tendon retraction,adhesions and fatty infiltration after rotator cuff tear will further increase the difficulty of surgical repair.Therefore,it has become a hotspot and difficulty to repair massive rotator cuff tears with a better way in current research.In recent years,with the continuous development of arthroscopic techniques,shoulder arthroscopic surgery has become the gold standard for the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears,but the adaptations,effects and combined application of different surgical methods are still controversial.The author believes that arthroscopic debridement of shoulder joint and acromioplasty or tuberoplasty could relieve shoulder pain in the short-term for elderly patients with lower functional requirements;long biceps tenotomy or tenodesis is effective for patients with biceps long head tendon injury;complete repair is still the first line treatment for massive rotator cuff tears,but partial repair is possible for massive rotator cuff tears that could not be completely repaired;patch augmentation technology could bring good results for young patients with high functional requirements;for patients with limited internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint and high functional requirements,tendon transfers surgery is recommended;superior capsular reconstruction is more advantageous for young patients with no obvious glenohumeral arthritis,better deltoid muscle strength and higher functional requirements.In addition,subacromial spacer implantation has become a current research hotspot due to its advantages of small trauma,low cost and relative safety,and its long-term effect still needs to be further confirmed.