格库铁路塔河中下游区段植物防沙方案设计

Design of Biological Control Scheme for Wind-sand Hazard Section of Golmud-Korla Railway

格库铁路塔里木河中下游区段风沙危害严重,防沙体系建设是格库铁路安全运行的关键难题,有必要在现有工程防沙措施的基础上,探索建立生物防沙体系的设计方法,从而保障铁路运营安全。利用综合分析方法,分析铁路沿线风况、土壤、地下水等风沙环境特征,结合铁路沙害实地调查结果以及高矿化度水造林试验结果,分析研究区建设生物防沙体系的可行性;通过风洞试验和立地条件分类方法,构建阻固结合的铁路防护林体系结构配置模式。研究结论为:格库铁路塔河中下游区段建立植物防沙工程是可行的,铁路沿线可划分为4个立地类型、3个危害程度、5种林带布局模式;共需种植各类苗木1 755.3万株,年需水量约983万m^(3)。

The sand hazards are serious in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River section of the railway from Golmud to Korla, and the construction of sand control system is a key issue for the safe operation of Golmud-Korla Railway. It is necessary to explore the designing methods of plant sand control system on the basis of the existing engineering sand control systems, so as to ensure long-term safety of railway transport. In this paper, the characteristics of wind, soil and groundwater along the railway are analyzed by comprehensive analysis method. Combined with the results of field investigation of railway sand damage and the results of high salinity water afforestation test, the feasibility of building a plant sand control system is analyzed in the study area. Through wind tunnel test and site condition classification method, the structure mode of railway shelterbelt with combination of resistance and fixation is established. The conclusion is that it is feasible to establish plant sand control project along the Golmud-Korla Railway, and it can be divided into four site types, three hazard levels and five forest belt layouts. A total of 17.553 million seedlings of various types need to be planted, and some 9.83 million m^(3) water is demanded annually.