我国省际学前教育发展水平的变化与差异

The Changes and Differences in the Level of Development of Pre-school Education between Provinces in China

当前,我国的学前教育实现了基本普及,但省际发展不均衡的问题依然明显。通过计算差异系数、主成分分析等方法,可以从单项指标发展水平和综合发展水平两方面分析我国省际学前教育发展水平的差异及变化趋势,探寻推进我国学前教育优质均衡发展的有效路径。自2010年以来,我国各省学前教育发展水平大幅提高,绝大部分学前教育发展单项指标的省际差距获得改善,但省际差距依然明显,大多数省份的城乡学前教育发展水平不均衡。教育经费投入差异是造成我国学前教育发展水平出现省际差距的重要原因。今后要建立弹性的“补偿”型财政经费转移支付制度;建立后疫情时代地方学前教育投入制度体系,防止学前教育省际贫富差距扩大;健全和完善薄弱省份学前教育发展保障机制,全面提升师资队伍水平。

Currently,preschool education in China has achieved near universal access,but the problem of uneven development between provinces is still obvious.By calculating the coefficient of variation and principal component analysis,we can analyze the differences and trends in the development level of preschool education between provinces in China in terms of the development level of individual indicators and the comprehensive development level,and explore the effective path to promote the quality and balanced development of preschool education in China.Since 2010,the development level of preschool education in each province has improved significantly,and the inter-provincial disparity in most of the individual indicators of preschool education development has improved,but the inter-provincial disparity is still obvious,and the development level of urban and rural preschool education in most provinces is uneven.Disparities in education funding are an important cause of interprovincial disparities in preschool education development.In the future,it is necessary to establish a flexible“compensatory”financial transfer system,establish a local preschool education investment system in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era,prevent the inter-provincial gap between the rich and the poor in preschool education from widening,improve and perfect the mechanism to guarantee the development of preschool education in weak provinces and regions,and improve the level of teachers in all aspects.