俄罗斯精神的嬗变:以烟山专太郎著作在中国的翻译及其跨文化影响为中心

The Transfiguration of the Russian Revolutionary Spirit:Chinese Translations of Kemuyama Sentarō’s Modern Anarchism in the Early Twentieth Century

1902年,日本学者烟山专太郎(1877-1954)发表了《近世无政府主义》一书。它是东亚地区最早对19世纪末俄国革命运动进行全面、系统学术概述的著述之一。这本政治学术著作在中国产生了巨大的影响,并促使中国人翻译了大量关于激进的俄国虚无党的故事——这些作品既包含史闻逸事,亦包括历史小说,也不乏就这些主题创作的原创小说。本文追溯了20世纪初烟山专太郎著作在中国的多种翻译,以及受到烟山专太郎启发而写成的社论和小品。通过概述烟山专太郎对俄国革命政治的学术研究如何最终成为20世纪初中国社会和革命运动的关键推动力,本文探讨了跨文化文本与政治的关系,以及翻译在文化传播中扮演的角色。此外,文章还探讨了烟山专太郎的专著如何引导中国读者在革命和文学之间建立联系,从而影响了整个20世纪中国人对俄罗斯文学的解读。受烟山专太郎笔下所描绘的俄国作家和虚无党人的启发,中国翻译家亦将他们的翻译转化为了革命情感的载体。

In 1902,the Japanese scholar Kemuyama Sentarō(1877-1954)published Modern Anarchism.It was one of the first books in East Asia to provide a comprehensive and systematic scholarly overview of the late nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary movement.This book of political scholarship had a sensational impact in China and motivated the Chinese to translate stories about the politically radical Russian nihilists—both factual and historical fiction—as well as write original fiction on these themes.This article traces the translations of Kemuyama’s book in China at the beginning of the twentieth century,detailing the editorials and sketches in Chinese newspapers that drew direct inspiration from Kemuyama’s book.By outlining how Kemuyama’s scholarly research into Russian revolutionary politics eventually served as a crucial impetus for early twentieth-century Chinese social and revolutionary movements,the article explores the relationship between transcultural texts and politics,and the implications for translation as a cultural mediator.In addition,the article also explores how Kemuyama’s book guided its Chinese readers to establish a link between revolution and literature that shaped the Chinese interpretation of Russian literature throughout the twentieth century.Inspired by the Russian nihilists and writers depicted in Kemuyama’s book,the Chinese translators transformed their renditions into vehicles of their own revolutionary sentiments.