青少年距骨骨折治疗的研究进展

Research progress in the treatment of juvenile talus fractures

距骨骨折属于比较少见的一种骨折损伤,与其解剖位置以及解剖形态的特殊性有关。随着交通业的发展与高楼大厦的建立,该病的发生率处于上升趋势,临床较为重视该病的诊断与治疗。普通的X线检查诊断该病容易出现漏诊情况,采取CT等影像学诊断方法可较好判断患者骨折的具体情况。青少年距骨骨折对青少年的健康与身体发育影响较大,故而临床十分重视青少年距骨骨折的治疗,不断探究该骨折的有效治疗方法。临床治疗青少年距骨骨折多采取非手术治疗以及手术治疗两种方案,非手术治疗应用较少,若患者移位不足5 mm与内翻5°内可进行闭合性复位,无移位的距骨体骨折也可以采取药物与石膏固定等方法治疗。手术治疗青少年距骨骨折临床应用较多,主要包括切除骨碎片手术、软骨下钻孔手术、内固定手术、松质骨移植手术、骨软骨移植手术等,如何选择合适的手术入路,积极预防与处理手术并发症,是青少年距骨骨折患者保证手术顺利完成及预后的关键。本文对青少年距骨骨折治疗方法研究进展进行综述,以期为临床治疗青少年距骨骨折提供参考方案。

Talus fracture is a relatively rare fracture injury,which is related to the particularity of its anatomical location and morphology.With the development of the transportation industry and the establishment of high-rise buildings,the incidence of the disease is on the rise trend,and the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are paid more attention in clinic.Common X-ray examination is prone to missed in the diagnosis of the disease,CT and other imaging diagnostic methods can better judge the specific situation of the patient’s fracture.Juvenile talus fracture has a great impact on the health and physical development of young people.Therefore,the clinic attaches great importance to the treatment of juvenile talus fracture,and continues to explore effective treatment methods for this fracture.In clinical treatment of juvenile talus fracture,non operative treatment and surgical treatment are often adopted.Non operative treatment is rarely used.If the patient’s displacement is less than 5 mm and within 5°of varus,closed reduction can be carried out.The talus body fracture without displacement can also be treated with medicine and plaster fixation,etc.The surgical treatment of juvenile talus fracture has many clinical applications,mainly including bone fragment removal,subchondral drilling,internal fixation,cancellous bone transplantation,osteochondral transplantation,etc.How to choose the appropriate surgical approach actively prevent and deal with surgical complications,and are the key to ensure the successful completion and prognosis of the surgery for juvenile talus fracture patients.This article reviews the research progress in the treatment of juvenile talus fracture,in order to provide the reference plan for clinical treatment of juvenile talus fracture.