民办教育政策执行弹性度的影响因素探究——基于1949—2019年191件政策文本内容的分析

Study on Influencing Factors of the Elasticity of Private Education Policy Implementation:Based on the Analysis of 191 Policy Texts from 1949 to 2019

教育政策是研究教育改革与发展的重要对象。民办教育政策作为中国教育政策的重要组成部分,凭其教育活动本身的公共性及与政府的关系,近年来对民办教育政策的探讨愈发成为一门“显学”。但现阶段民办教育发展依然举步维艰,其政策执行中存在的突出问题是因政策模糊而难以把握其执行弹性度,进而导致政策执行效果不佳。本文通过对1949—2019年191件民办教育政策文本的分析表明,民办教育政策制定的时序特征、行政层级高低、政策事项分布状况、发文单位数量多寡等因素均对政策执行中的弹性度设置具有重要影响。为此,政策主体应把握这一规律,优先从整体上强化对民办教育政策执行的刚性要求,并在政策层级层面上遵循“高层弹性、基层刚性”的执行规定;在具体事项层面上宜遵循“横向刚性、纵向弹性”的执行规定;在部门协同层面上宜遵循“单一部门刚性、多元部门弹性”的执行规定,积极把握政策弹性度设置的规律,提升民办教育政策的执行力。

Educational policy is an important object for studying educational reform and development.As the important part of China’s education policy, private education policy is based on the publicity of its educational activities and its relationship with the government.In recent years, the discussion of private education policy has become the“extensive subject”.However, the development of private education is still struggling at the stage.The outstanding problem in the implementation of its policies is that it is difficult to grasp the flexibility of its implementation due to policy ambiguity, which in turn leads to poor policy implementation.The analysis of 191 private education policy texts from 1949 to 2019 shows that the timing characteristics of private education policy formulation, the level of administrative levels, the distribution of policy issues, and the number of units issuing documents all have the significant influence during the flexibility to set the policy implementation.Therefore, policy subjects should grasp this rule, give priority to strengthening the rigid requirements for the implementation of private education policies as a whole, and follow the implementation rules of “high-level elasticity and grass-roots rigidity” at the policy level.The implementation regulations of “horizontal rigidity and vertical elasticity”.At the level of departmental coordination, it is advisable to follow the implementation regulations of “single departmental rigidity and multi-sectoral flexibility”,actively grasp the rules of policy flexibility setting, and enhance the execution of private education policies.