环境史视域下晚清至民国时期三江并流区的交通、环境与文化

Transportation, Environment and Culture of the Three Parallel Rivers Region during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China under the Vision of Environmental History

跨越山高谷深、江河并行的三江并流区的交通是当地居民们长久适应自然并利用自然最为典型的代表。综合利用近代西方人考察的英文文献资料、方志、档案及田野考察口述资料对区域交通图景的重构表明,三江并流区特定的溜索、独木舟等交通方式与该区域内冬天大雪封山、夏天洪水阻江的环境条件紧密关联,集中于春夏之交和秋季的交通模式又与当地的社会文化是紧密关联、互动嵌合的。环境史视阈下边疆民族地区区域交通研究首先要充分关注到区域的生命、生计和生活,最为关键的是要把交通置于人及其文化体系和环境中进行“融合式”研究。三江并流区域交通与环境、文化的研究也为藏彝走廊乃至西南滇藏地区的民族迁徙、文化交流等方面的一些基本问题提供了新的值得思考的视角和方向。

The transportation across the Three Parallel Rivers Region with high mountains, deep valleys and parallel rivers is the most typical example of local residents ’long-run adaptation to and exploitation of nature. By analyzing English literature written by the westerners, local chronicles, archives and oral accounts of fieldwork, the present paper reconstructs the transport landscape of this region. It shows that the transportation modes like rope ways and canoes were attributed to the environmental conditions of snow covering the mountains in winter and floods blocking the rivers in summer. Transportation modes in late spring, early summer and autumn were closely linked with the local society and culture. It is concluded, from the perspective of environmental history, that studies of regional transportation in ethnic minority border regions should prioritize the research of people, their livelihood and life, and most importantly, place transportation in the context of human cultural system and environment for an“integrated”research. In this sense, the present study of transportation, environment and culture in the region under question provides a new perspective and direction for the basic research questions on ethnic migration and cultural exchanges in Tibet-Yi Corridor,and even Yunnan and Tibet in southwest China.