白洋淀鱼类群落结构与环境因子关系分析

Fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Baiyangdian Lake

2019年5月、8月、10月和2020年8月、10月对白洋淀30个位点进行了鱼类资源调查,并分析了白洋淀鱼类群落结构与环境因子的关系。结果表明:共采集鱼类30种,隶属4目12科,其中鲤形目最多,占56.67%。相对重要性指数(IRI)分析显示,优势种(IRI≥500)有9种,以鲫、麦穗鱼和红鳍鲌为主。单因素方差(ANOVA)分析显示,个体数、物种数、Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)在不同季节间呈显著差异(P<0.05);SNK-q多重比较检验显示,除均匀度指数(J′)外,个体数、物种数、丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H′)均以2019年5月最高。单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)显示,不同季节间鱼类群落组成既重叠又呈一定的分离(Global R=0.524)。丰度生物量比较曲线(ABC)显示,2019年5月、8月和10月鱼类群落受轻度干扰,2020年8月和10月鱼类群落受中度干扰。冗余分析(RDA)显示,水温、DO、叶绿素a是影响白洋淀鱼类群落的主要环境因子。

In order to understand the fish community structure in Baiyangdian Lake and its relationship with the environmental factors. 30 sampling stations in Baiyangdian Lake were surveyed in May, August and October, 2019 and August and October, 2020. A total of 30 species of fish were collected, belonging to 12 families and 4 orders, among which Cypriniformes had the most, accounting for 56.67%, and 9 species had Index of relative importance IRI≥500. Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva, and Chanodichthys erythropterus were the dominant species. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed that the number of individuals, species, Margalef richness index(D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′) and Pielou evenness index(J′) were significantly different in different months(P<0.05), and except for Pielou evenness index(J′), the other indexex were all the highest in May 2019 based on the SNK-q multiple comparison test. Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMS) and one-way analysis of similarity(ANOSIM) showed that the composition of fish community overlapped and separated in different seasons(Global R=0.524). Abundance biomass comparison curve(ABC) showed that the fish community in May, August and October 2019 was slightly disturbed, and the fish community in August and October 2020 was moderately disturbed. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that water temperature, DO and chlorophyll a were the main environmental factors affecting the fish community in Baiyangdian Lake.