避免路由循环和空洞节点的水下传感器网络深度路由算法

Routing Cycle and Void Nodes Avoidance Based Depth Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks

水下无线传感器网络(Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks,USNs)具有网络传输时延大、节点能量受限、存在路由空洞等固有缺陷,传统的路由方法往往无法很好地解决这些问题。基于深度信息的路由协议(Depth Based Routing,DBR)充分利用传感器节点的深度信息值,实现水下感知数据多跳传输至水面Sink节点。但是DBR无法解决网络中存在空洞节点的问题,容易产生无效的循环路径,严重制约了DBR算法的性能。提出了一种避免路由循环和空洞节点的基于节点深度值的路由协议PE-VAR(Progress Enhanced-Void Avoidance Routing),以循环路径中节点的邻居数、能量、深度等参数综合计算来替换优先值,遴选出需要替代或者避开的节点,从而抑制出现循环路径时的冗余传输。仿真结果表明,与DBR(Depth Based Routing)和E-VAR(Enhanced-Void Avoidance Routing)相比,PE-VAR在数据包投递成功率、数据包投递时延和能量消耗等方面都取得了更好的性能。

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks(UWSN)have inherent defects such as large transmission delay,limited energy and routing holes,which could not be dealt with through traditional routing algorithms of UWSN.Depth based routing(DBR)optimizes the use of the depth information value of underwater nodes to achieve effective multi-hop transmission of underwater sensing data to surface sink nodes.Nevertheless,the void nodes drawback of classical DBR algorithm tends to produce invalid circular paths and the performance of DBR algorithm is restricted to a large extent.An improved DBR algorithm referred to as PE-VAR(Progress Enhanced-Void Avoidance Routing)is proposed to avoid routing loops and void nodes.In PE-VAR algorithm,the priority value for forwarding data is replaced by comprehensive calculation of the number of neighbors,energy,depth and other parameters of sensor nodes in the routing loop circle to filter out or replace inappropriate nodes,and thereby the redundant transmission is suppressed when the loop routing occurs.Simulation results verify that PE-VAR has better performance in terms of packet delivery rate,packet delivery delay and energy consumption compared with DBR and E-VAR.