复杂中空结构材料的构筑及能源应用

Intricate Hollow Structured Materials:Synthesis and Energy Applications

随着能源问题的日益突显,开发新型多功能材料以满足能源存储与转换应用的需求变得尤为重要.在众多功能材料中,复杂中空结构材料由于其独特的结构和物理化学特性而备受关注.本文综合评述了复杂中空结构材料的普适性构筑方法(硬模板法、软模板法、自模板法、次序模板法和选择性刻蚀法)及在能源方面的应用(锂/钠/钾离子电池、锂硫电池、超级电容器、电催化、光催化及染料敏化电池等).最后,对复杂空心结构研究领域存在的问题及未来的发展方向进行了展望.

The increasing energy demand makes it necessary to develop novel multifunctional materials to meet the requirements of energy storage and conversion. Among various functional materials,intricate hollow structured materials have received extensive attention due to their unique structure and physicochemical properties. In this review,the synthesis strategies and energy applications of intricate hollow structured materials are summarized. The synthesis strategies are mainly divided into five categories:hard templating,soft templating,self-templating,sequential templating and selective etching methods. The applications of intricate hollow structures include lithium-/sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,supercapacitors,electrocatalysis,photocatalysis and dye-sensitized solar cells. Finally,the existing problems and future research directions for intricate hollow structures are discussed.