若干典型中空结构材料的模板合成与应用进展

Progresses in Template Synthesis and Applications of Hollow Materials

中空结构材料作为一类新兴功能材料,具有可调空腔、高比例活性表面及强化的物质传递等特性;当多组分及功能被整合与分区时,可实现中空结构材料的非对称结构(Janus)的拓扑演化.本文重点介绍若干典型中空结构材料,包括Janus中空材料的模板合成方法进展及中空结构材料在催化、储能、油/水分离与药物递送等领域的潜在应用,并展望了中空结构材料的未来发展趋势.

Hollow materials are emerging as functional materials with unique characteristics in tunable cavity,high specific active surface area and enhanced mass transfer. Janus hollow materials are readily derived upon spatial compartmentalization of multiple components thus functions. Template synthesis is highly efficient to synthesize the hollow materials with tunable microstructure and composition. In the first part of this review,recent advances in the template synthesis of the representative hollow materials are concisely summarized. In the second part,typical applications of the hollow materials in catalysis,energy storage,oil/water separation and drug delivery are introduced. This review will end with a perspective to call for more efforts in the development of new methods toward high performance hollow materials with tailored properties.