美国高校驻校企业家制度的缘起、组织形式与启示

The entrepreneur in residence system in American universities: origin, model and implication

驻校企业家作为连接高校与行业的桥梁,在促进科研成果转化、推动创业教育师资专业化以及提高大学生创业率等方面发挥着重要功效。高校对成果转化的需求普遍加大、学术机构对创业活动的关注逐渐深入、创业教育对师资队伍的要求逐步提高推动了美国驻校企业家制度的发展。美国高校驻校企业家制度发挥着弥合创业教育与商业世界之间鸿沟,推动创意和技术向社会所需成果转化,降低投资风险和提升创业成功率等功能,主要可归纳为对话式、诊断式和培训式等组织形式。借鉴美国驻校企业家制度,我国高校应该明确驻校企业家制度的教育目标,并根据教育目标制定清晰的培养计划和策略;制定本土化驻校企业家聘任制度,开展具有中国特色的驻校企业家项目;建立制度实施的监管与评价体系,让实施过程更加高效和规范。

As a bridge connecting universities and industries, entrepreneur-in-residence play an important role in promoting the transformation of scientific research achievements, promoting the professionalization of entrepreneurship education teachers and improving the entrepreneurship rate of college students. The development of the entrepreneur-in-residence system in the United States has been driven by a general increase in the demand for the transformation of research results in higher education institutions, a growing interest in entrepreneurial activities in academic institutions, and a growing demand for faculty in entrepreneurship education. The entrepreneur-in-residence system at US universities serves to bridge the gap between entrepreneurship education and the business world, promote the transformation of ideas and technologies into socially desirable outcomes, reduce investment risk and increase the success rate of entrepreneurship. There are many organizational forms under the operation mode of entrepreneur-in-residence system in American colleges and universities, which can be summarized as dialogue, diagnosis and training. Learning from the experience of the United States, Chinese colleges and universities should define the educational objectives of the entrepreneur-in-residence system and develop clear plans and strategies based on your goals;establish a local employment system for entrepreneur-in-residence, and carry out a program for entrepreneur-in-residence with Chinese characteristics;establish a supervision and evaluation system for the implementation of the system to make the implementation process more efficient and standardized.