酿酒葡萄杂交亲本对后代种子成苗影响的研究

Study on the Effect of Hybrid Parents of Wine Grapes on Seed Seedling Formation of Offspring

【目的】探索双亲杂交后种子形成完整植株的能力,为杂交育种选择亲本提供理论依据,提高育种效率。【方法】酿酒葡萄以赤霞珠为母本,西拉、黑比诺、抗米分别为父本,赤霞珠实生为对照,分析不同杂交亲本对后代种子成苗的影响。【结果】结果表明:赤霞珠实生自然坐果率最高(P<0.05),杂交会降低花蕾坐果率;杂交种子经过气候箱催芽30 d,不同组合种子的萌芽率均在46.63%以上,其中赤霞珠实生和赤霞珠×西拉种子萌芽率显著最高(P<0.05)。赤霞珠×西拉和赤霞珠×黑比诺杂交种子在营养袋中出苗率较高,分别为92.61%、92.80%;赤霞珠×抗米组合杂交苗在田间成活率最高,分别比赤霞珠×西拉、赤霞珠×黑比诺高13.27%(P<0.05)、14.28%(P<0.05)。【结论】酿酒葡萄不同的授粉亲本对后代种子成苗影响明显,欧亚种间杂交种子萌芽率和出苗率较高,抗性亲本杂交能提高杂交苗田间成活率。

【Objective】To explore the ability of seeds to form complete plants after hybridization of parents,so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of parents in cross breeding and improve breeding efficiency.【Methods】Using Cabernet Sauvignon as the female parent,Shiraz,Pinot Noir and Kang Mi as the male parent,and Cabernet Sauvignon as the control,the effects of different hybrid parents on the seed seedling formation of the offspring were analyzed.【Results】The results showed that the natural fruit setting rate of Cabernet Sauvignon was the highest(P<0.05),and the cross would reduce the fruit setting rate of flower bud;After 30 days of germination in the climate box,the germination rate of hybrid seeds in different combinations was above 46.63%,and the germination rate of Cabernet Sauvignon seed and Cabernet Sauvignon Shiraz seed was significantly the highest(P<0.05).The seedling emergence rate of hybrid seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon×Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon×Pinot Noir in nutrient bags was higher,92.61%and 92.80%respectively;The survival rate of hybrid seedlings of Cabernet Sauvignon×Kang Mi combination was the highest in the field,which was 13.27%(P<0.05)and 14.28%(P<0.05)higher than that of Cabernet Sauvignon×Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon×Pinot Noir respectively.Different pollination parents have obvious effects on the seedling formation of offspring seeds.【Conclusion】The seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate of Eurasian interspecific hybridization are higher,and the cross of resistant parents can improve the survival rate of hybrid seedlings in the field.